in the multi-syllabic French borrowings, e. g., revolution ,, organi sation, as, si-mi lation, etc. It also explains the placement of primary stress on the third syllable from the end in three - and four-syllable words, e. g. cinema, situate, er ticulate. The interrelation of both the recessive and the rhythmical tendencies is traced in the process of accentual assimilation of the French-borrowed word personal on the diachronic level, e; g; perso nal - perso nal - personal.appearance of the stress on the first syllable is the result of the recessive tendency and at the same time adaptation to the rhythmical tendency. The recessive tendency being stronger, the trisyllabic words like personal gained the only stress on the third syllable from the end, e. g. family, library, faculty, possible.accentual patterns of the words territory, dictionary, neces, sary in GA with the primary stress on the first syllable and the tertiary stress on the third are other examples illustrating the correlation of the recessive and rhythmical tendencies. Nowadays we witness a great number of variations in the accentual structure of English multisyllabic words as a result of the interrelation of the tendencies. The stress on the initial syllable is caused by the diachronical recessive tendency or the stress on the second syllable under the influence of the strong rhythmical tendency of the present day, e. g. hospitable - ho spitable, distribute - dis trihute, aristocrat - a ristocrat, laryngoscope - la ryngoscope.third tendency was traced in the instability of the accentual structure of English word stress, the retentive tendency: a derivative often retains the stress of the original or parent word, e. g. similar - as similate, secom mend - recomme'ndation.
2.2 Functional aspects of word stress
In discussing accentual structure of English words we should turn now to the functional aspect of word stress. Word stress in a language performs three functions.I. Word stress constitutes a word, it organizes the syllables of a word into a language unit having a definite accentual structure, that is a pattern of relationship among the syllables; a word does not exist without the word stress. Thus the word stress performs the constitutive function. Sound continuum becomes a phrase when it is divided into units organized by word stress into words.П. Word stress enables a person to identify a succession of syllables as a definite accentual pattern of a word. This function of word stress is known as identificatory (or recognitive). Correct accentuation helps the listener to make the process of communi-. cation easier, whereas the distorted accentual pattern of words, misplaced word stresses prevent normal understanding.
Ш. Word stress alone is capable of differentiating the meaning of words or their forms, thus performing its distinctive function. The accentual patterns of words or the degrees of word stress and their positions form oppositions, e. g. import - im port .. Vassilyev introduces the term accenteme for Word stress as a suprasegmental phonological unit having different degrees and placement in a word (79). For instance the primary accenteme is opposed to the weak word accenteme (unstressed position), in import -, im port differentiating the noun from the verb. AC Gimson establishes three groups of words with identical spelling representing different parts of speech which are opposed by means of shifting of the stress
. A small group of words where the noun is differentiated from a verb by the opposition of the accentual pattern of the word alone, e. g. [inkri: s] - [in kri: s] [impres] - [im pres] [inlei] - [in lei]
: The second group where the shifting of the stress whichthe change of the accentual pattern of the word may be or may not be accompanied by the reduction of the vowel in the unstressed vowel, e. g. [tr? nspo: t] - [tr? ns pot] or [tr? ns pot]
. The largest group of such pairs of words manifests the change of their accentual pattern together with the qualitative reduction of the unstressed vowel, e. g. [kombain] - [k? m bain] [kontra: st] - [k? n tra: st] many others.of accentual types of words are also observed as a concomitant factor in word-formation in addition to suffixation.
[_ _ _] - [, _ _ _] e. g. organize -, organi zation
[_ _ _ _] - [_, _ _ _ _] e. g. predis pose - pre, dispo sition
[_ _ _] - [_ _ _ _] e. g. solemn - solemni zation
[, _ _ _] - [_ _, _ _ _ _] e. g., incon siderable - incon, side ration.is also a group of accentuation oppositions where compound nouns are opposed to free word combinations, e. g. dancing-girl - танцівниця dancing girl - танцююча девушкаwe...
