FU) of some systems may be homotypic (identical, non-differentiated from each other). If executive elements differ from each other (are multitype), the given system consists of differentiated elements. p> System integrity. The system exerts itself as a unitary and integral object. It follows from the unity of purpose which is inherent only in the system as a whole, but not in its separate elements in particular. The purpose consolidates the system's elements in a comprehensive whole. p> Limited discrecity of system. Nothing is indivisible and any system may be divided into parts. At the same time, any system consists of finite number of elements (parts): executive elements (subsystems, elements, SFU) and management elements (control block). p> Hierarchy of system. The elements of a system relate to each other in varying ways and the place of each of them is the place on the hierarchic scale of the system. Hierarchy of systems is stipulated by hierarchy of purposes. Any system has a purpose. And to achieve this purpose it is necessary to achieve a number of smaller sub-goals for which the large system contains a number of subsystems of various degree of complexity, from minimum (SFU) up to maximum possible complexity. Hierarchy is the difference between the purposes of the system and the purposes of its elements (subsystems) which are the sub-goals in respect to it. At that, the systems of higher order set the goals before the systems of lower order. So, the purpose of the highest order is subdivided into a number of sub-goals (the purposes of lower order). The hierarchy of purposes determines the hierarchy of systems. To achieve each of the sub-goals specific element is required (it follows from the conservation law). Management/control in a hierarchic scale is performed in accordance with the law "the vassal of my vassal is not my vassal ". In other words, direct control is only possible at the level "system - own subsystem", and the control by super system of the subsystem of its system is impossible. The tsar, should he wish to behead a criminal, would not do it himself, but would give a command to his subordinate executioner. p> System function. The result of the system's performance is its function. To achieve the purpose the system should perform purposefully certain actions the result of which would be the system's function. The purpose is the argument for the system (imperative), while the result of action of the system is its function. The system's functions are determ ined by a set of executive elements, their relative positioning and control block. The notions of "system" and "function" are inseparable. Nonfunctional systems are non-existent. "Functional system" is a tautology, because all systems are functional. However, there may be systems which are non-operational at the moment (in a standby mode). Following certain external influence upon the system it will necessarily yield certain sp...
