hence. )
Hither
"To here ". (E.g. Bring the wretch hither. )
Thence
"From there ". (E.g. The mountain rumbled and fire thence issued. )
Thither
"To there ". (E.g. It had been many years since he had travelled thither. )
Whence
"From where ", or" from which ". (Eg The rock whence issued the spring. )
Whither
"To where ". (E.g. Whither do you travel? )
Also note that since the direction of movement (to, from) is already implied in the word, phrases like "from whence" are, strictly speaking, inaccurate, although they have passed into common use.
Wherefore
Means "Why". ( Not "where".) Probably the most famous usage is in William Shakespeare's play Romeo and Juliet , in which Juliet asks 'Wherefore art thou Romeo?', Meaning "Why are you [named] Romeo? ". <В
Conclusion
The most interesting and at the same time sophisticated process that receives the study of Linguistics is a change of a language in a course of time. Complicated word integrations, appearing and evanescence of words, phraseological units, and grammatical constructions - all this is undividable part of language progress. I can compare archaisms with an echo of ancient times, because they deliver us information about cultural life of previous generations. Archaisms also reflect an inner aspect of people consciousness. p> In the process of this research I found out definition of archaism - Archaisms are words which are no longer used in everyday speech, which have been exiled by their synonyms. Archaisms remain in the language, but they are used as stylistic devices to express solemnity. Most of these words are lexical archaisms and they are stylistic synonyms of words which expelled them from the neutral style.
In language, an archaism is the use of a form of speech or writing that is no longer current. This can either be done deliberately (to achieve a specific effect) or as part of a specific jargon (for example in law) or formula (for example in religious contexts). Many nursery rhymes contain archaisms. Archaic elements that only occur in certain fixed expressions are not considered to be archaisms.
I also pointed out main spheres of usage of archaic words - Archaisms are most frequently encountered in poetry, law, and ritual writing and speech. Their deliberate use can be subdivided into literary archaisms, which seeks to evoke the style of older speech and writing; and lexical archaisms, the use of words no longer in common use. Archaisms are kept alive by these ritual and literary uses and by the study of older literature.
Working with Shakespeare's sonnet anв with the text I was imbued with the magnificence of ancient language stylistic figurativeness and expressiveness. I was astonished with the fact of relative readability and understandability, though in the sonnet I stumbled upon misunderstanding - several words were really incomprehensible, but with a help of dictionaries, founts of wisdom, I cleared up the meanings of that words and made a translation. Besides revealing archaisms, I hit upon the thing that shows Germanic origin of the English language. p> Usage of archaism in literature I emphasized in the third chapter of my course work. It includes a lot of interesting information about conditions and consequences of usage of archaisms, more over I also decided to point out common misuse of archaisms.
Making a conclusion I assume that all the main objectives of this work were successfully investigated, main aspects were thoroughly examined and acceptable understanding of the notion "archaism" was achieved
В
References
OXFORD: CLARENDON PRESS, 1908 NEW YORK: BARTLEBY.COM, 1999 SECOND EDITION
H.W. Fowler (1858-1933). The King's English, 2nd ed. 1908. A COURSE IN MODERN ENGLISH LEXICOLOGY SECOND EDITION RS Ginzburg, S. S. Khidekel, G. Y. Knyazeva, A. A. Sankin
Дубенець - Курс лекцій з лексикології англійської мови. p> Jespersen , Otto. Growth and Structure of the English Language. Oxford, 1982. p> Canon G. Historical Changes and English Wordformation: New Vocabulary items. N.Y., 1986. p> Burchfield R.W. The English Language. Lnd. , 1985
"A History of English" by Barbara A. Fennell
