, unspoken, or imaginary questions:
Frank said he was sorry he couldn't be here.
Why am I doing this? she wondered.
13. Punctuating Quotations
13.1 Do not use a comma to mark the end of a quoted sentence that is followed by an identifying tag if the quoted sentence ends in a question mark or an exclamation point:
"Get out! "he screamed.
13.2 Commas and periods go inside closing quotation marks; semicolons and colons go outside the closing quotation marks:
Peter's response was "Money is no object," but the lawyer was still unwilling to accept his case.
The senator announced, "I will not seek reelection"; then he left the room.
13.3 Place a question mark or an exclamation point inside the closing quotation marks only if it belongs to the quotation rather than to the larger sentence:
Lenin's question was "What is to be done?" Should the US su pport governments that it considers "moderately repressive"?
Wherever you use the question mark or exclamation point, do not use a period with it (see 18.1). br/>
13.4 Use square brackets to enclose interpolations, corrections, or comments in a quoted passage. In journalism, use parentheses () for this purpose.
14. Introducing Indented Quotations, Vertical Lists, and Formulas
The punctuation immediately following the introduction to an indented quotation, vertical list, or formula is determined by the grammatical structure of the introduction. Essentially, you should follow the same rules described in section 3 and section 1.2 even though the material you're introducing is set off from the rest of the sentence.
14.1 If the introduction is a main clause (a clause that could stand by itself as a complete sentence), follow it with a colon:
Each member of the expedition was asked to supply the following equipment:
В· п‚· a sleeping bag
В· п‚· a mess kit
В· п‚· a propane stove
В· п‚· a backpack
14.2 If the introductory element is not a main clause, follow it with a comma if one is required by the rule given in section 1.2:
According to Gene Fowler, "Writing is easy: all you do is sit staring at a blank sheet of paper until the drops of blood form on your forehead. "
14.3 If the introduction is not a main clause and a comma is not required by the rule given in section 1.2, follow it with no punctuation at all:
In Philosophy and Physics , Werner Heisenberg points out that "The change in the concept of reality manifesting itself in quantum theory is not simply a continuation of the past; it seems to be a real break in the structure of modern science. "
14.4 If you're uncomfortable with an unpunctuated introduction, try converting it into a main clause and using a colon:
In Philosophy and Physics , Werner Heisenberg makes the following observation about the effect of quantum theory on modern science:
15. Punctuating Vertical Lists
15.1 The items in an vertical list may be preceded by sequential numbers or bullets (usually dots or asterisks), or they may stand alone. Depending on their grammatical structure, the items are followed by periods, semicolons, commas, or no punctuation at all. The Chicago Manual of Style offers the following simple rules: "Omit periods after items in a vertical list unless one or more of the items are complete sentences. If the vertical list completes a sentence begun in an introductory element, the final period is also omitted unless the items in the list are separated by commas or semi-colons. "
The following minerals are included in this daily supplement:
В
niacin
iron
potassium
calcium
phosphorus
After six months of deliberation, the committee decided
1. that the proposed research did not pose a serious health hazard to the surrounding community;
2. that the potential benefits of the research significantly outweighed the potential risks; and
3. that the research should be allowed to proceed without further delay.
16. Question Marks
16.1 Use a question mark at the end of an interrogative element within (as well as at the end of) a sentence:
He asked himself, "How am I going to pay for all of this?" and looked hopefully at his father.
17. Exclamation Points
17.1 Use exclamation points sparingly; too many of them will dull your effect (compare 9.1). br/>
18. Multip...
