ctic regions. It first flew on March 25, 1971.of Il-76s was placed in Tashkent, Uzbekistan (then a republic of the Soviet Union). Some 860 of basic transport variants were made. In 1990s modernized variants were developed (MF, TF), but were not produced in significant quantity due to financial problems of the major user, the Russian Air Force. The prototype of longer variant Il-76MF, with bigger capacity, first flew on 1 August 1995. The production ceased around 1997, and the factory since deteriorated. Some commercial aircraft were modernized to IL-76TD-90VD, starting from 2004, using new engines PS-90 to meet European noise limits. In 2005, China ordered in Russia 34 new Il-76MD's and 4 tankers Il-78, and the factory in Tashkent completed 16 incomplete airframes. Production of the IL-76 at a new factory in Ulyanovsk in Russia, in cooperation with Tashkent works, is under consideration
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Operational historyaircraft were delivered to the Soviet Air Force in June 1974 [1]. It next became main Soviet strategic transport aircraft. From 1976 it was operated by the Aeroflot lines. Between 1979 and 1991, the Soviet Air Force Il-76s made 14,700 flights into Afghanistan, transporting 786,200 servicemen, and 315,800 tons of freight. The Il-76 carried 89% of Soviet troops and 74% of the freight that was airlifted.Building on that experience, the bulk of the Canadian Forces equipment into Afghanistan is flown in using civilian Il-76. As of 2006, the Russian Air Force had some 200 Il-76s, less than half airworthy, and civilian users in Russia have 108 [3]. Il-76 is also in use as an airborne tanker, otherwise known as a refueller (Il -78, some 50 were made), and a waterbomber. Its airframe was used as a base for the Beriev A-50 'Mainstay' AWACS aircraft (some 25 were made). Still more applications have been found in Antarctic support flights and simulated weightlessness training for cosmonauts. Beriev and NPO Almaz also developed an airborne laser flying laboratory designated A-60, of which two were built, although little is known about it, as the project is still classified. br/>
5.Emergency equipment on board
on waterlanding subjects skill of the pilot to as much as possible rigid test. Contrary to a popular belief water "does not soften" blow of a sitting down aircraft. Owing to the physical characteristics it practically is not compressed, and in relation to the plane falling on it with speed of several hundreds of kilometres per hour, behaves the same as runway concrete. Only unlike concrete the water table never happens ideally equal. В«Having hookedВ» for a wave, the plane can be scattered almost instantly on fragments not more largely several tens centimetres. Waves do almost impossible successful landing to the sea or other open water table. At modern "overland" planes is besides one design feature, disturbing it is good to them "to float". Engines on liners of last generations, as a rule, settle down under a wing. At the slightest error of the pilot they "cling" water and, at least, come off, and at worst ruin all plane.exitare in seats (Il-76Md). Crewmen "sit" on them literally. Behind an armchair of the commander there is a hatch of mine emergency exit, it passes downwards through all nose part of the plane. Crew, having put on protective helmets (ЗШ), should jump there headfirst, (that in a real life was possible only on trainings). Casesloading of cargo, warming up of engines and launch when in tanks is the fuel greatest quantity, is possible fire occurrence at fuel leak as a result of defects of the design and systems, short circuits in an electric equipment, collisions with planes and other barriers, and also influences of the SMALLPOX.of fuel which can pour out on ЗПС in case of damage of fuel tanks of the plane, will depend on following factors: sizes of damage and its site, quantity of fuelthe damaged tanks of the plane, pressure sizes in the account tanks, created by pumps (depends on power setting, the maximum 0,45 kg /sm2), temperatures of fuel and external air, humidity and other.quantity of fuel which can be in fuel tanks of the plane, depends on it is modification, weights of transported loading, type ЗПС imposing restriction on the maximum take-off weight , needed range of flight.of distributing of fuel on ЗПС, generally, will be defined by its type, a condition of surface (presence of damages, cracks, having chopped off etc.), presence of snow, water, ice, any pollution which have been melted off and destroyed designs of the plane, fuel characteristics (type, a roughness, viscosity, temperature, presence of additional impurity etc.), speed of movement of aircraft, presence of drainages near to flood and a number of other factors . fire development explosion of fuel tanks, as a result of heating of fuel to a bale - is possible, ...
