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Реферат The manager as a teacher: selected aspects of stimulation of scientsfsc thinking





ature continually "Puts stealthily" various problems before us, but every time the level of these problems for some reason completely corresponds to the level of development of an animal or a human being. For some reason a man "has discovered" a nuclear bomb at the moment when he could already apprehend the power of this discovery. Nature does not give dangerous toys to greenhorns. If there were no problems at all, there would be no stimulus to development and as of today the Earth would have been populated by the elementary systems, if it were populated at all. However, if the problems sharply exceed the limit of possibilities of systems, the latter would have collapsed and the Earth would have not been populated at all, if it would be existent in abstracto. And in any case there would have been no development on the whole. But we do exist and it is the fact which has to be taken into account and which requires explanation. And the explanation only consists in the purposefulness of Nature. p> Systemic analysis is a process of receiving answer to the question "Why is the overall goal of the system fulfilled (not fulfilled)? "The notion of" systemic analysis "includes other two notions: "system" and "analysis". The notion of "system" is inseparably linked with the notion of the "goal/purpose of the system". The notion "Analysis" means examination by parts and arranging systematically (Classification). Hence, the "systemic analysis" is the analysis of the goal/purpose of the system by its sub-goals (classification or hierarchy of the goals/purposes) and the analysis of the system by its subsystems (Classification or hierarchy of systems) with the view of clarifying which subsystems and why can (can not) fulfill the goals (sub-goals) set forth before them. Any systems perform based on the principle "it is necessary and sufficient" which is an optimum control principle. The notion "it is necessary" determines the quality of the purpose, while the notion "is suficient" determines its quantity. If qualitative and quantitative parameters of the purpose of the given system can be satisfied, then the latter is sufficient. If the system cannot satisfy some of these parameters of the goal, it is insufficient. Why the given system cannot fulfill the given purpose? This question is answered by systemic analysis. Systemic analysis can show that such-and-such object "Consists of ... for ... ", i.e. for what purpose the given object is made, of what elements it consists of and what role is played by each element for the achievement of this goal/purpose. The organic-morphological analysis, unlike systemic analysis, can show that such-and-such object "consists of ... ", I.e. can only show of which elements the given object consists. Systemic analysis is not made arbitrarily, but is based on certain rules. The key conditions of systemic analysis are the account of complexity and hierarchy of goals/purposes and systems. p> Complexity of system...


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