Ministry of Education and Science of UkraineAviation UniversityDepartment
worktopic: Diesel fuels
Created byof 206 group FLASergey
2009
Contents
Diesel fuel
Chemical composition
Boiling point and freezing point of representative diesel fuel hydrocarbons
Cetane Number
Reduction of sulfur emissions
Refining
Petroleum diesel
Diesel engine
Disadvantages of Diesel Fuel
Environment hazards of sulfur
Road hazard
Synthetic diesel
Biodiesel
Transportation
Use as car fuel
Railroad
Aircraft
Other uses
Fuel value and price
Reference
Diesel fuel
Diesel fuel in general is any fuel used in diesel engines. The most common is a specific fractional distillate of petroleum fuel oil, but alternatives that are not derived from petroleum, such as biodiesel, biomass to liquid (BTL) or gas to liquid (GTL) diesel, are increasingly being developed and adopted. To distinguish these types, petroleum-derived diesel is increasingly called petrodiesel. Ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD) is a standard for defining diesel fuel with substantially lowered sulfur contents. As of 2007, almost every diesel fuel available in America and Europe is the ULSD type. In the UK, diesel is commonly abbreviated DERV, standing for Diesel Engined Road Vehicle (fuel). br/>
Chemical composition
Petroleum-derived diesel is composed of about 75% saturated hydrocarbons (primarily paraffins including n, iso, and cycloparaffins), and 25% aromatic hydrocarbons (including naphthalenes and alkylbenzenes). The average chemical formula for common diesel fuel is C12H23, ranging approximately from C10H20 to C15H28.fuel is a very complex mixture of thousands of individual compounds, most with carbon numbers between 10 and 22. Most of these compounds are members of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or aromatic class of hydrocarbons; each class has different chemical and physical properties. Different relative proportions of the three classes is one of the factors that make one diesel fuel different from another. The following discussion explains how properties of the three classes influence the properties of the whole fuel and affect its performance in a diesel engine. p align="justify"> diesel fuel chemical composition
Boiling point and freezing point ...
