on, suffixation and infixation. Matthews ( 2004: 131) tells about the above mentioned method of derivation in one of his books: The first major division is between processes of addition or affixation and all the remainder lt ; ... gt; Process of affixation may be divided into prefixation, suffixation or infixation, depending on whether the affix is ??added before the base, after it, or at some determined point within it. By the same token, the affix itself may be a prefix, a suffix, or an infix raquo ;. Brinton and Brinton (2010: 94-95) confirm the above thesis, saying: The addition of a derivational affix to a root produces a new word with one or more of the following changes lt; ... gt; Their productivity may range from very limited to quite extensive raquo ;. Even though, Aronoff and Fudeman (2005: 110) also mention methods of derivation with affixation, they distinguish circumfixation as a kind of affixation .second type of derivation is reduplication. Brinton and Brinton (2010: 100) claim that reduplication is a process similar to derivation, in which the initial syllable or the entire word is doubled, exactly or with a slight phonological change. Reduplication is not a common or regular process of word formation in English, though it may be in other languages. Raquo; Booij (2007: 35) declares that reduplication is a special kind of affixation is the attachment of a complete or partial copy of the base as a prefix or suffix raquo ;. In contrast, some researchers (Jackson amp; Ze Amvela 2000; Aronoff amp; Fudeman 2005) do not consider reduplication as a kind of derivation and do not mention reduplication in their works at all.third but not least important type of derivation is called conversion. Plag (+2008: 12) explains that conversion in other words can be called zero-suffixation or transposition. It is explained that: we can turn nouns into verbs by adding nothing at all to the base what is called reduplication. Jackson and Ze Amvela (2000: 86) consider that conversion may be defined as a process by which a word belonging to one word class is transferred to another word class without any concomitant change of form, either in pronunciation or spelling raquo ;, and add that it is a highly prolific source for the production of new words since there is no restriction on the form that can undergo conversion in English raquo ;. Booij (2007: 5) confirms the explanation of earlier mentioned researchers. He thinks that: changing the word class of a word, as happened in a creation of the verb to tax from the noun tax , is called conversion, and may be subsumed under derivation raquo ;. Brinton and Brinton s (2010) main idea of ??the meaning of conversion coincide s with the above mentioned researchers. Nevertheless, Brinton and Brinton (2010: 101) consider that: A functional shift involves the conversion of one part of the speech to another without the addition of a suffix, as in a phone (N) gt; to phone (V). It is sometimes said that a zero derivational suffix is ??added .analysis of linguistic literature revealed that another type of really extended derivation is compounding. Compounding can be considered as one of the most productive processes of word-building in English. Every scientist analyzing the syntax and morphology of English do es not omit this important process of word formation. Brinton and Brinton (2010) raise the problem of compound and verb phrase distinction. Considering a compound as a combination of two roots and as a single word raquo ;, Brinton and Brinton (2010: 103) claim that a compound can sound like a syntactic phrase consisting of a number of distinct words raquo ;. The above mentioned researchers (Brinton amp; Brinton +2010: 103) explain how to distinguish where is a compound and a phrase: However, stress seems to offer the most reliable means of distinguishing a compound from a phrase. As a single word, a compound will carry only one primary stress, whereas a phrase, as a group of words, will carry more than one primary stress. The second half of the compound carries secondary stress and the vowel may be reduced. lt; ... gt; This principle holds true for compound nouns and some compound verbs. Compound adjectives, however, may carry more than one primary stress ... Despite the fact that Booij (2007: 75) also tries to explain the difference between a compound and the phrase, he mentions another term of compounding - composition raquo ;. In his explanation of compounding he uses terms such as lexemes instead of words ., there are other word-formation processes in the English language. One of them is blending. According to Jackson and Ze Amvela (2000: 87): A blend may be defined as a new lexeme built from parts of two words in such a way that the constituent parts are usually easily...
