grammatical meanings and basic forms, different in their lexical meanings and paradigms, eg to lie - lied - lied, and to lie - lay - lain ;) homonyms different in their lexical meanings, grammatical meanings, paradigms, but coinciding in their basic forms,. g. В«LightВ»/В«lightsВ» /, В«lightВ»/В«lighterВ», В«lightestВ»/;) homonyms different in their lexical meanings, grammatical meanings, in their basic forms and paradigms, but coinciding in one of the forms of their paradigms , eg В«A bitВ» and В«bitВ» (from В«to biteВ»). I. V. Arnold's classification there are also patterned homonyms, which, differing from other homonyms, have a common component in their lexical meanings. These are homonyms formed either by means of conversion, or by leveling of grammar inflexions. These homonyms are different in their grammar meanings, in their paradigms, identical in their basic forms, eg В«WarmВ» - В«to warmВ». Here we can also have unchangeable patterned homonyms which have identical basic forms, different grammatical meanings, a common component in their lexical meanings, eg В«BeforeВ» an adverb, a conjunction, a disposition. There are also homonyms among unchangeable words which are different in their lexical and grammatical meanings, identical in their basic forms, eg В«ForВ» - В«дляВ» and В«forВ» - В«і6oВ». Nowadays methods of distinction of homonymy and polysemy were worked out. This helps us to differ the meaning of the same word and homonymy which formed in a result of the complete gap of polysemy. Below let us study the methods of studying of synonymy and homonymy. p>. The lexical method of distinction of homonymy and polysemy. This method is concluded in revealing the synonymic connection of polysemy and homonymy. If consonant units are get in one synonymic row when different meanings of words remain still the semantic intimacy and, there fore, it is early to say that polysemy is transferred in to homonymy. If the consonant words are not get in one synonymic row that words are homonymy.and polysemy are different categories in polysemy we deal with the different meanings of the same word. In homonymy we have different words which have their own meanings. For example, the word "man" has ten meanings in Modern English:
1 - чоловік; 2 - чоловік, 3 - адвокат; 4 - мужній чоловік; 5-людство; 6 - слуга; 7 - робочий; 8 - чоловік; 9 - васал; 10 - пішак.
As the all meanings are connected with the major meaning "чeлoвeк". But homonyms are different words which have nothing in common between themselves. For example "bark1 -" лай собаки "and" bark2 "-" пливе корабель ". In this example we can see that homonymy words coincide only in pronunciation and writing. p>. Some scientists say that the substitution of different meanings of words by the synonyms may help to differ the homonyms from polysemantic words. This way of distinction of polysemy and homonymy gets its name in literature as etiological criterion. For ...
