th sarcasm and satire. These do not necessarily evoke laughter, but rather a wry shrug or assent to the idea that the received world picture has been disturbed. Irony must not be confused with sarcasm, which is direct: sarcasm means precisely what it says, but in a sharp, caustic manner.
The difference between metaphor and metonymy, on the one hand, and irony, on the other, can be defined as follows: in metaphor and metonymy, the transfer is based on affinity of the objects, in Irony, it is based on their opposition. Irony refers to a contrast or discrepancy between appearance and reality.
Inference
irony speech correlation metaphor
In a narrow sense, irony is the use of a word having a positive meaning to express a negative one. In a wider sense, Irony is an utterance which formally shows a positive or neutral attitude of the speaker to the object of conversation but in fact expresses a negative evaluation of it.
Irony is not restricted to any particular syntactical structure or lexical units. In context, there are usually some formal markers of irony pointing out to the meaning implied.
Irony is an instinctively recognized Stylistic Device (SD), the nature of which is not fully studied. This device is also based on the simultaneous realization of two logical meanings - dictionary and contextual ones, but the two meaning stand in opposition to each other. That is, a word with a positive meaning is used to denote something negative and vice versa.
The cognitive character of irony accords with cognitive principle which human realizes world from known entities to unknown entities, and also serves to the economic characteristic of cognition, it is a new way of human's cognitive innovation.
There are various types of irony. The most accepted is: verbal irony, situational irony, dramatic irony.
Irony must not be confused with sarcasm, which is direct: sarcasm means what it says and with metaphor and metonymy the transfer of which is based on affinity of the objects and in Irony, it is based on their opposition.
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Sources
1. Єфімова Л.П., Ясінецька О.А. - Стилістика англійської мови и дискурсивного аналіз. Учбово-методичний посібник. - Вінниця: НОВА КНИГА, 2004. - 240 с. p> 2. Жуковська В.В. - Основи теорії та практики стілістікі англійської мови: Навчальний посібник. - Житомир Вид-во ЖДУ ім. І. Франка, 2010. - 240 с. p> 3. Кузнєцова І.В. - Stylistics in Practice (Стилістика на практіці): Практикум. - 2-е вид., Випр. і доп. - Житомир: Вид-во ЖДУ ім. І. Франка, 2007. - 132 с. p> 4. Інтернет ресурс -
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