degree of semantic overlap results in a low degree of implicit contrast.: - John is honestis truthfulwas cashiered, that is to say, dismissed.was murdered, or rather executed « and `dismissed» are synonyms, while `murdered« and executed » are contrastive synonyms «s got himself a dog-or more exactly, a cat.inherent relationship between` cat » and `dog« is that of contrast, for that reason this sentence is odd.is impossible to put an end in the scale of synonyms.: + rap: tap rap: knock rap: thwack - rap: bangare not prototypical synonyms. They are peripheral synonymsany study of synonymy is the idea of ??the quest for the establishment of true synonyms. Cruse reviews some apparently true synonyms.: Begin: commence munch: chew hate: loathetakes into account the question of the contextual relations. For two words to be true synonymous we need two conditions: equivalence of meaning and equivalence of contextual relations. This is highly problematic because words don »t behave like that. They tend to specialize in their contextual relations.: Begin and `commence« mean exactly the same but in terms of contextual relations they are not., tell Mummy when Playschool begins and she »ll watch it with you., tell Mummy when Playschool commences and she« ll watch it with you.is always chewing gum (+ ) is always munching gum (-) don »t just hate him, I loathe him (+) don't just loathe him, I hate him (-) from this there are minus aspects we have to take into account: two syntactic terms have to behave syntactically the same
Ex: Where is he hiding?
Where is he concealing? « needs an argument (DO), where have you hidden Daddy »s slippers? (+), Where have you concealed Daddy «s slippers? (-): You have to choose the correct sense of the word if you want to prove that two words are synonymous.: Arthur »s more recent car is an old one (+) 's most recent car is a former one (-) had more responsibility in his old jobhad more responsibility in his former job
3.8 CONCEPTUAL SYNONYMY
are felt to be synonymous independently of their contextual relations. Leech makes the distinction between synonymy and conceptual synonymy. The equivalence of meaning of synonymy has to adhere to the equivalence of concepts, independently from the stylistic overtones.: Steed (poetic) Horse (general) Nag (slang) Gee-gee (baby language) World Book Encyclopedia S part Macmillan Publisher 1996 p 134concept `horse« is evoked by these words. So these words are synonymous although they are different in their stylistic overtones. This has been strongly criticized because to prove that we all have the same concept is very doubted. Our system of conceptualization may be different from one speaker to other. The most evident example of this is baby language. When a baby says gee-gee he may be saying it to any animal that moves.conceptual synonymy is alright but it has faults and objections.says that it isn »t possible to distinguish semantic meaning and factual meaning. Her lexicographic descriptions are very lengthy because she has into account all knowledge of the world that is, the habitat, size, appearance, behavior, and relation to people ... analysis of conceptual synonymy.is an analysis very popular in the 1970 «s and turned itself to be very useful in the identification of atoms of meaning of words. One of the applications of componential analysi...
