ify">, in accordance with the old English, hell denoted something that is covered, hidden or unseen. It is claimed that Gehenna is a symbolic expression used in reference to eternal punishment. J. Milton also employs it in the following lines:
His temple right against the temple of God
On that opprobrious hill, and made his grovepleasant valley of Hinnom, Tophet thenceblack Gehenna called, the type of Hell. (Milton 2005, p. 23)
the New Testament, the term Gehenna is used more frequently in preference to Hades, as a name for the place of punishment of the damned. Hence, black Gehenna, from J. Milton s paradoxical point of view, was the place where .... from those flames No light; but rather darkness visible (Milton 2005, p. 10). What is more, fire has always been the source of light, however, in the poem, black fire represents darkness of the hell.man s disobedience brought death into the earth. As a consequence, it first appeared in the hell too. Amidst this realm of darkness, the form of Death came out:
If shape it might be called that shape had none
Distinguishable in member, joint, or limbsubstance might be called that shadow seemed, each seemed either - black it stood as Night. (Milton 2005, p.65) the above quote, death characterizes a total blackness even in the darkness of hell. Death has a body, however it is inhuman. In the epic, its physical form is not interpreted in human terms; it is a monster (Milton 2005, p. 65), Goblin (Milton 2005, p. 65), hellish Pest (Milton 2005, p. 67), that Phantasm (Milton 2005, p. 67) and the black attendant (Milton 2 005, p. 219) of sin. Describing death physically as a horrible monster, J. Milton explains the evil it embodies (Tesdal 2009, p. 26).
2.3 The Concept of White in J. Milton s Poem Paradise Lost
reference to light, J. Milton rarely uses white colour to describe light and to represent something. However, cf. the following lines where white colour stands for the divine light:
Darkness ere day s mid-course and morning-light
More orient in yon western cloud that draws er the blue firmament a radiant whiteslow descends with something heavenly fraught? (Milton 2005, p. 355)
, an achromatic colour, reflects all light without absorption and is thus devoid of any distinctive hue. As the colour system in Old English, it had the numerous expressions to convey light and brightness, and their amount was twice richer than ones for darkness (Matschi +2004, p. 100). White is the absolute colour of light, and therefore, it is a symbol of purity, truth, innocence, sacrifice and divinity (Тресіддер 1999, p. 23) .the fact that white is used only twice in Paradise Lost (the second example is not analyzed in this work due to the denotative meaning of white), J. Milton reflects the light using other colours together with light-associated lexemes. The deeper analysis of it will be presented in further chapters of the paper.
2.4 The Concept of Green in J. Milton s Poem Paradise Lost
According to Alfred Tennyson, in early legends green typified hope (Tennyson +2004, p. 149). Indeed, hope in J. Milton s poem plays an important role. Milton therefore locates it in literal and figurative places where its material value is both spiritual and palpable (Fenton, p. 2) 317). Cf. the following lines:
But I can now no more; the parting sun
Beyond the earth s Green Cape and Verdant Islessets, my signal to depart.strong, live happy, and love, but, first of allwhom to love is to obey, and keepgreat command; take heed lest passion sway ... ( Milton +2005, p. 259)
the above lines, the earth s green cape means the Cape of Good Hope and it is one of the places where Milton locates it. In the book Milton's places of hope: spiritual and political connections of hope with land, Mary Fenton maintains that Milton s reference to sailing Beyond the Cape of Hope signifies in a profound way his persistent connection of hope with landed, real locales (Fenton +2006, p. 159). According to colour symbolism, green is the representation of the function of sensation as it is the colour of earthly, material, immediately cognizable growing things (Cirlot +2001, p. 53). The English word green is related to words grow and grass (Ferber +2004, p. 316). Ferber notices that green colour often represents hope, particularly the Christian hope for salvation (Ferber 2004, p. 317). In the realm of Christianity, it is associated with mercy and hope (...
