ate support of absolutism.significant event in the first quarter of XVIII in law was
the military-judicial reform. I in 1702 created the military courts. The structure and activities of these courts were regulated by
the Military Statute 1716 . The court of first instance for Military Court was a regimental court. It included a chairman (prezus) - colonel, lieutenant colonel or major, and 6 assessor (2 captain, 2 lieutenants and two ensignes). Instance for the regimental courts was
General krigireht (court). It also carried on the most important cases. Its chairman was the Senior General and 6 assesors.court had its jurisdiction:
All crimes against the state,
crimes of entire parts of the troops,
crimes committed by senior officials,
crimes against the higher ranks.structure of each court: the auditor (he was checking the legal side of case) and the recorder.
The Court was not a permanent body, and was appointed for each case. Assessors were chosen by the chairman. p align="justify"> The most serious crimes were : treason, attempted by the tsar, discussion and conviction of his actions and intentions, attacks on officers, resisting their orders, insubordination, refusal to serve, countering the courts and police.
Activities of the Navy and personnel were regulated by statutes, regulations and instructions.
. DEVELOPMENT OF THE LAW DURING THE PERIOD OF ABSOLUTE MONARCHY
5.1 DECREES
this period, the sources of law were legislative acts issued in the form of decrees, orders, statutes and manifestos.most important events were determined by decrees :
The Decree on Primogeniture March 18, 1714
The Table of Ranks January 2, 1722
Decree on the form of court Nov. 5, 1723of public administrations, the structure and order of their work were established by Orders :
The General Order of the College February 29, 1720
Order of the Chief Magistrate on January 16, 1721
The Spiritual Order of January 29, 1721the statutes were understood norms of law, which were regulated a particular area of ​​state activity:
The Statute of the bills in 1722
The Statute on Public Order 1782
The Military Statute 1716
The Maritime Statute 1720most important and solemn events were declared by Manifestos. For example: A Manifesto for the granting of freedom and liberty to all the Russian nobility 1762.1715 were created:
"The Military Articule" - the Criminal Code, and "The short representation of processes or litigations - the Procedural Code.Sobornoe ulogenie of 1649 also was the source of law. Attempts to create a new Legal Code under Peter I and Catherine II were unsuccessful because of contradictions in the interests of different social classes, which were blocked the committee's work.
.2 CIVIL LAW
attention was paid to the regulation of ownership of real estate, primarily on the land. A long process to establish a single legal regime of ancestral lands and manors that had received the name of "real estate" was completed. The following settings were determined by the decree dated March 23, 1714 "On the order of inheritance in personal and real estates":
Land ownership could be inherited one of the sons, but in the absence of the will, it was inherited by the elder son, other members of family received a property and conscriptioned.
daughters inherited the real estate in the case of sons 'absence,
forbidden to dispose the real estate except of the sale, except of the special needs
The elder son and his descendants had the right to purchase the real estate for 40 years (in 1837 this term was reduced to 3 years, and the grandson's right was granted to all rel...
