ise
fall
To move upwards
To move downwards
To move upwards through air
To move down from a high position/the sky/a tree
Vehicle/
aircraft
plunge
plummet
To move in/downwards below the surface of a liquid
To move downwards through air
To move (vehicle) below the surface of water
To move down through air very quickly
Human
rise
fall
В
plunge
В
plummet
To move one ' s body by raising it
To move to the ground
To stand up (fml)
To move to the ground from force of weight/loss of balance
To fall suddenly a long way from a high position
To fall very quickly from a high position
Object
Object
swing
lift
raise
bend
To move from side to side/back and forth/up and down repeatedly
To cause stb/sth to move up
В
To move in a different direction
To move regularly from side to side/back and forth
To cause sb/sth to move up
To lift sth
To turn in a curve/angle
Part of the body
swing
В
lift
В
raise
В
bend
To move a part of one ' s body
To move regularly from side to side/back and forth
To move a part of one's body upwards (esp. head/arm/leg/foot)
To move a part of one's body upwards
To move a part of one's body downwards
The verbs shake, tremble and quiver may be found with a subject argument semantically characterized as human or as concrete. But they can also take an object denoting a part of the body via the metaphor Body part = Human (Goatly 1997):
(16) Mark was so nervous that his knees were shaking.
Sail typically occurs with a subject semantically characterized as boat. Its use with a human agent results from a metonymical process (content for receptacle):
(17) They sailed the Mediterranean.
Rise designates upward movement of both human and concrete entities, but the prototypical argument is human, as shown in the restricted use of rise with human subjects when it describes body movement:
(18) She rose to greet me.
Fall , plunge and plummet , which denote downward movement, may also occur with human and concrete entities:
(19) He fell off the horse.
(20) The vase fell from her hand.
Lastly, the verbs swing, lift, raise and bend take an object semantically marked as object or part of the body:
(21) She lifted her head when I came in.
(22) The suitcase is too heavy for him to lift. p> 2.3. Metaphorical extension of the lexemes
The verbs creep and escape fall within various subdomains because of their metaphorical extension.
VERB
SUBDOMAIN
MEANING
Creep
To move in a particular way
To move quietly and slowly in order to get to a place without being noticed
To move slowly
To move (light/shadow/mist) very slowly , so that you hardly notice it (Lit.)
Escape
To move off/away from a place/thing/person
To leave a place after doing sth illegal
To move out of a pla...
