ture (eg 2for to/two/too, lynx for links) reveal. On the other hand, words and syntax are linguistic devices that, in principle, are subject to transfer between media, although there are clearmedium-dependent preferences of lexical and syntactic choice that need to be investigated further.The objective and unbiased approach to stylisticvariation in authentic language use is a cornerstone ofmodern descriptive linguistics. Unlike traditional grammar, it clearly rejects the normative prescriptionof one specific style.
and Other Linguistic Disciplines
stylistics linguistic grammar traditional
Stylistics often intersects with other areas of linguistics, namely historical linguistics, dialectology, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and many others. All of them are different branches of language study and should be regarded as different tools from the same set and not as rivals. To illustrate the situation, an example discussed by NE Enkvist (ibid., P. 19) can be presented here: The expression thou lovest taken from the language of W. Shakespeare illustrates how different fields of study use different classifications of the same language phenomenon. In our case, the expression thou lovest will be classified by historians as an older form of you love and by the students of contemporary styles as a feature of a Biblical or archaic style. Another example also points at different point of view in classification. The expression you ain t can be regarded as a characteristic of a social class and thus qualified as a class marker. It also correlates with a certain range of situations and so it can be a style marker. In a complex study of linguistic variation, both observations may be relevant.
References
1.Biber, Douglas. 1989. Variation across speech and writing. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Coupland, Nikolas (ed.) 1988.
. Styles of discourse. London: Croom Helm. Enkvist, Nils Erik. 1 973.
. Linguistic stylistics. The Hague: Mouton. Esser, J? Rgen. 1993.
. English linguistic stylistics. T? Bingen: Niemeyer. 2000.
. Medium-transferability and presentation structure in speech and writing. Journal of Pragmatics 32. Garvin, Paul L. (ed.) 1964.
. A Prague school reader on esthetics, literary structure and style. Washington: Georgetown University Press. Halliday, M.A.K. 1978.
. Language as a social semiotic: the social interpretation of language and meaning. London:
. Style in fiction: a linguistic introduction to English fictional prose. London: Longman. STYLISTICS Semino, Elena, and Jonathan Culpeper (eds.) 2002.
. Article of Gabriela Missikova Linguistic Stylistics
. # justify gt ;. Simpson, P. (1997) Language through literature: an introduction London: Routledge.
. Widdowson, HG (1975) Stylistics and the Teaching of Literature London: Longman.
13. lt; https: //llas.ac.uk/resources/gpg/gt;
