coinage.
For instance, the words a relative or a white or a dear bear an unquestionable mark of established tradition, while such a noun as a sensitive used in the following sentence features a distinct flavour of purposeful conversion: He was a regional man, a man who wrote about sensitives who live away from the places where things happen.
Compare this with the noun a high in the following example: The weather report promises a new high in heat and humidity.
From the purely categorial point of view, however, there is no difference between the adjectives cited in the examples and the ones given in the foregoing enumeration, since both groups equally express constitutive categories of the noun, i.e. the number, the case, the gender, the article determination, and they likewise equally perform normal nounal functions.
On the other hand, among the substantivized adjectives there is a set characterized by hybrid lexico-grammatical features, as in the following examples:
The new bill concerning the wage-freeze introduced by the Labour Government cannot satisfy either the poor , or the rich (Radio Broadcast). A monster. The word conveyed the ultimate in infamy and debasement inconceivable to one not native to the times (J. Vance). The train, indulging all his English nostalgia for the plushy and the genteel , seemed to him a deceit (M. Bradbury).
The mixed categorial nature of the exemplified words is evident from their incomplete presentation of the part-of speech characteristics of either nouns or adjectives. Like nouns, the words are used in the article form; like nouns, they express the category of number (in a relational way); but their article and number forms are rigid, being no subject to the regular structural change inherent in the normal expression of these categories. Moreover, being categorially unchangeable, the words convey the mixed adjectival-nounal semantics of property.
The adjectival-nounal words in question are very specific. They are distinguished by a high productivity and, like statives, are idiomatically characteristic of Modern English. p> On the analogy of verbids these words might be called "adjectivids", since they are rather nounal forms of adjectives than nouns as such.
The adjectivids fall into two main grammatical subgroups, namely, the subgroup pluralia tantum { the English, the rich, the unemployed, the uninitiated , etc.), and the subgroup singularia tantum ( the invisible, the abstract, the tangible , etc.). Semantically, the words of the first subgroup express sets of people (personal multitudes), while the words of the second group express abstract ideas of various types and connotations.
The category of adjectival comparison expresses the quantitative characteristic of the quality of a nounal referent, i.e. it gives a relative evaluation of the quantity of a quality. The purely relative nature of the categorial semantics of comparison is reflected in its name.
Position of Adjectives.
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1 Most adjectives can be used in a noun group, after determiners and numbers if there are any, in front of the noun.
e.g. He had a beautiful smile. p> She bought a loaf of white bread.
There was no clear evidence.
2 Most adjectives can also be used after a link verb such as 'be',
'become', or 'feel'.
e.g. I'm cold. p> 3. Some adjectives are normally used only after a link verb.
For example, we can say 'She was glad', but you do not talk about 'a glad woman'.
I wanted to be alone.
We were getting ready for bed.
I'm not quite sure.
He didn't know whether to feel glad or sorry.
4. Some adjectives are normally used only in front of a noun.
For example, we talk about 'an atomic bomb', but we do not say 'The bomb was atomic'. He sent countless letters to the newspapers. p> This book includes a good introductory chapter on forests.
5. When we use an adjective to emphasize a strong feeling or opinion, it always comes in front of a noun.
Some of it was absolute rubbish.
He made me feel like a complete idiot.
6. Some adjectives that describe size or age can come after a noun group consisting of a number or determiner and a noun that indicates the unit of measurement.
He was about six feet tall.
The water was several metres deep.
The baby is nine months old.
Note that you do not say 'two pounds heavy', you say 'Two pounds in weight'. br/>
7. A few adjectives are used alone after a noun. br/>
designate | elect | galore...
