, the only way of reconciling conflicting interests and check on the individual actions are collective actions in this framework people linked through transactions . Being closely associated with the property relations, collective action in the economy suggest certain legal framework and are expressed through the courts. Evolutionary development of economic science, according to the Commons, demanding study of judicial decisions in several centuries era of capitalism, to have a clear idea of?? How collective action confined to individual. A further object of Commons considered the study of the history of economic thought to determine how the economic theory included notions of collective action. These tasks Commons dedicated the book "Legal basis of capitalism" (1924) and "institutional economics" (1934). A figurative expression B. Seligman, the Commons 'distilled his theoretical system in complex devices hundreds of judicial decisions and dozens of types of economic theory. "On the other hand, the Commons called capitalists to establish" good relations "with the workers to stop slight unions as evil machinations and to recognize trade unionism and the legal status of an integral part of the structure of a mature industrial society ( 9) the one hand, the Commons opposed his views of the Marxist doctrine of class struggle and socialist ideas. He recognized the fact of impoverishment of the proletariat only to early capitalism and Marx criticized for underestimating the capabilities of Trade Unions and social reforms to improve the situation of the working class. A new stage of industrial development associated with the growth of large corporations, led, according to the Commons, the "diffusion of capitalism in the midst of the broad masses of the people." Commons classics and blamed for erroneous marginalists rationalistic psychology and failure analysis of legal forms. He came to understand the institutions as historical and legal authority of the hallowed traditions that have their roots in the collective psychology. Once formed, the current collective institutions direct the behavior of individuals. Central place in the current collective institutions Commons assigned to corporations, trade unions and political parties. They act as a "pressure group". (10) with collective action other major categories of institutional theory the Commons was the notion of the transaction. Speaking about the transaction as the basic equation of economic behavior, the Commons identifies three stages: conflict, cooperation, resolution. The essence of economic relations, he brings to the transactions with property titles, three categories of property: real, immaterial (debt and debt) and intangible. The three types of transactions: market (more than five parties - the buyer, the seller, the court, the potential buyer and the seller), administrative (managers with employees) and distribution (taxes, budget, price controls). The theoretical con...
