optimize the oil recovery and reduce its volatility. Some produced crude oils contain hydrogen sulfide and other sulfur products. When it contains more than 400 ppm of H2S gas, the oil is classified as sour crude.crude oil present serious safety and corrosion problems. In such cases, another treatment known as the sweetening process is needed to remove hydrogen sulfide or reduce its content to acceptable limits.quick comparison between the properties of a typical crude oil produced from a field in the Middle East before and after treatment illustrates the role of field processing the crude oil. crude oil has the following materials present :: present in two forms: emulsions (10%) and free water (30%): 50,000-250,000 mg / L formation water: dissolved gas (600 scf / bbl crude oil) 2S: 1000 ppmcrude oils have the following final specifications: content: 0.3 vol% maximumcontent: 10 lbs (as NaCl) per 1000 barrels of oil2S: 70 ppmpressure: 10 psig (4-5 psi RVP)
PROCESSING OF NATURAL GAS
gas associated with oil production (associated gas) or produced from gas fields generally contains undesirable components such as H2S, CO2, N2, and water vapor. Field processing of natural gas implies the removal of such undesirable components before the gas can be sold in the market. Specifically, the gas contents of H2S, CO2, and water vapor must be removed or reduced to acceptable concentrations. N2, on the other hand, may be removed if it is justifiable. Gas compression is usually needed after these treatment processes. In addition, the gas undergoes separation and fractionation for the recovery of some hydro-carbon components that are utilized as a feedstock for the petrochemical industry.schemes can be recommended for field processing and separation of natural gas, but the specific solution is usually a function of the composition of the gas stream, the location of this source, and the markets available for the products obtained. Saudi Arabias master gas system (MGS), as illustrated in Fig. 3.2.2, <file:///C:Documents%20and%20SettingsLoner-XPРабочий%20столНастеAbdel-Aal.et.al.Petroleum.and.Gas.Field.Processing.doc> is a good example.gases, including gas condensates, are also a potential source of hydrocarbons for many oil-producing countries. The processing of the gas condensates, however, involves a low-temperature technique to be described later in the text.
3.2.2Master gas system (MGS).
processing of natural gas, in general, is carried out for two main reasons:
. The necessity to remove impurities from the gas;
. The desirability of increasing liquid product recovery above that obtained by conventional gas processing;
AND ACCUMULATION OF OIL AND GAS
theories have been proposed to explain the formation and origin of oil and gas (petroleum); these can be classified as the organic theory of petroleum origin and the inorganic theory of origin. The organic theory provides the explanation most accepted by scientists and geologists.is believed, and there is evidence, that ancient seas covered much of the present land area millions of years ago. The Arabian Gulf and the Gulf of Mexico, for example, are parts of such ancient seas. Over the years, rivers flowing down to these seas carried large volumes of mud and sedimentary materials into the sea. The mud and sedimentary materials were distributed and deposited layer upon layer over the ...
