method of translation of such graphons should be more consistent and apply to all the emphasized lexis in question .. Byron s use of graphons is not limited to the capitalizing of particular lexis, but also includes shortening of some verbs (bow `d, bann` d, barr `d, suffer` d, perish `d , finish `d, seal` d). Despite the frequency of such shortening, it is done for the sake of rhythm and not for the stylistic effect; therefore we will not study these cases in detail.last problem to study at the graphical level is punctuation. One of the most characteristic features of G. Byron s punctuation is a frequent use of dashes - both within the line and at the end of it. Sometimes he uses dashes instead of commas in enumeration order to enlarge the pause and to strengthen their effect:
No child - no sire - no kin had I
No partner in my misery [32: 363, XII, 7-8] were no stars - no earth - no time-check - no change - no good, no crime - [32: 361, IX, 15-16]
All the translators used different methods to render it. For instance, V. Zhukovs `kyi resorts to decompression and addition of his own images:
З в'язницею я життя здружив мою:
У в'язниці я всю свою сім'ю,
Все, що знав, все, що любив,
невозвратімой поховав,
І в області веселій дня
Ніхто вже не жив для мене;
Без місця на бенкеті земній,
Я був би зайвий гість на ньому,
Як хмара при ясному дні,
Втрачене у височині
І в радісних його променях
Непотрібне на небесах ... [26: 331, XII, 6-17]
P. Grabovs `kyi combines one dash per line to strengthen the caesura with the generalisation of nouns enumerated:
Ніде Нікого - Вімер рід,
Ні одного в горі - Зник и слід ... [27: 233, XII, 5-6]
M. Kabaliuk tries to compensate by adding one more line and repeating negative particles, that is, reproducing the effect on the lexical level:
Чи не МАВ я батька, ні дітей,
Ані близьким мені людей,
Ні спільніка в біді Моїй; [29: 18, XII, 7-9]
In other cases G. Byron uses dashes in antithesis, right in the middle of the line so as to strengthen the caesura:
But these were horrors - this was woe'd with such - but sure and slow; [32: 359, VIII, 21-22] know not well - I never knew - [32: 361, IX, 2]
The author also applies other punctuation means, such as question marks, ...
