ge.
Stylistic syntax shows what particular constructions are met with in various types of speech, what syntactical structures are style forming (specific) in the sublanguages ​​in question.
As it was already mentioned, general (non-stylistic) phonetics investigates the whole articulatory - audial system of language. Stylistic phonetics describes variants of pronunciation occuring in different types of speech; special attention is also paid to prosodic features of prose and poetry. Unfortunately, there is no adequate definition of stylistic phonetics, although many well-known linguists, who devoted their works to the study of stylistics, among them I.R. Galperin, V.M. Zhirmunsky, L. Bloomfield, Yu. Skrebnev, I. Arnold always paid special attention to it, underlining its meaning for the style-forming phonetic features. The works of the mentioned above linguists will be also used for the analysis in this work.
As here the subjects of stylistic phonetics are going to be investigated, it should be necessary to mention phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices .
Phonetic expressive means include:
Intonation which is a complex unity of non-segmental features of speech, such as melody or pitch of the voice, stress, pausation and different temporal characteristic.
Sentence stress which is a greater prominence of words.
Pitch of the voice which represents the fundamental frequency of a speech sound and is closely connected with the sentence stress.
Here whispering, pauses, singing and other ways of human voice using are referred.
To the phonetic stylistic devices , the more detailed descriptions of which will give be given in the main part of this work, we refer:
Onomatopoeia, or sound imitation, is the use of words or word combinations that imitate some natural sound.
Alliteration , is the use of the similar initial sounds in close succession, aiming at imparting a melodic effect to the utterance.
Rhythm , is a flow, movement, procedure, etc., characterized by basically regular recurrence of elements or features ... [6]
Rhyme, is the repetition of identical or similar terminal sound combinations of words.
The poem, that was chosen for the analysis, and for investigation of the given above phonetic expressive means and stylistic devices on its example is В«To the Men of EnglandВ» by Persy Bisshe Shelley. For closer investigation of the points of stylistic phonetics there also will be given examples of works of some other authors.
1. Theoretical part
1.1 Galperin and other linguists 'points of view on stylistic phonetics
The subject of stylistics can be outlined as the study of the nature, functions and structure of stylistic devices, on the one hand, and, on the other, the study of each style of language as classified above, i. e. its aim, its structure, its characteristic features and the effect it produces, as well as its interrelation with other styles of language. So, it's necessary to make an attempt to single out such, problems as are typically stylistic and cannot be treated in any other branch of linguistic science.
The stylistic approach to the utterance is not confined to its structure and sense, there is another thing to be taken into account which, in a certain type of communication, viz. belles-lettres, plays an important role. This is the way a word, a phrase or a sentence sounds. The sound of most words taken separately will have little or no aesthetic value. It is in combination with other words that a word may acquire a desired phonetic effect, the way a separate word sounds may produce a certain euphonic impression, but this is a matter of individual perception and feeling and therefore subjective. For instance, a certain English writer expresses the opinion that angina [Г¦n'dgainЙ™], pneumonia [nju'mouniЙ™], and uvula ['ju: vjulЙ™] would make beautiful girl's names instead of what he calls В«lumps of names like Joan, Joyce and MaudВ». In the poem В«CargoesВ» by John Masefield he considers words like ivory, sandal-wood, cedar-wood, emeralds and amethysts as used in the first two stanzas to be beautiful, whereas those in the 3rd stanza В«strike harshly on the ear!В»
В«With a cargo of Tyne coal,
Road-rails, pig-lead,
Fire-wood, iron-ware and cheap tin trays. В»
As one poet has it, this is В»... a combination of words which is difficult to pronounce, in which the words rub against one another, interfere with one another, push one another. В...
