- generally required, especially during establishment, but it can turn into an authoritarian dictatorship. Nevyklyuchene of E. Fromm described the phenomenon of "escape from freedom." And all the same humanity, according to Winston Churchill, not yet invented anything better than democracy.waves of democratization in the history of the modern world calls an American political scientist SP Huntington in his book "The Third Wave: Democratization in late XX Century" (1991). The origins of the first wave (1826-1926 biennium) are from Great American and the French revolutions. The formation of democratic institutions was in the XIX century. in countries such as USA, France, England, Switzerland and some Nordic countries, the British Dominions. The main factors that contributed to it, were industrialization, urbanization, the emergence of the bourgeoisie and middle class "of the working class and its organizations, the gradual reduction of economic inequality. The second wave of democratization (1943-1962 biennium) caused by the Second World War. In some countries (Austria, Federal Republic of Germany, Italy, South Korea, Japan) democracy was secured by military occupation administration. Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Greece, Colombia, Peru, Turkey, Ecuador took the road to democracy influenced the outcome of World War II, including the defeat of totalitarian regimes. Another numerous group of countries gained independence as a result of decolonization, which was also initiated by the results of war, and on the path to democracy.two waves of democratization were largely frozen, "washed" reverse wave, which brought the establishment of various forms of authoritarian, totalitarian rule. The first reverse wave (1922-1942 biennium) had came to power in Italy, Mussolini's fascist regime. And even in countries where democratic institutions are kept (France, United Kingdom), affected by the economic crisis, depression grew antidemocratic movement. The second reverse wave (19581975 years) was ambitious, has captured most third world countries, where firmly established - mostly through military coups - authoritarian regimes [1, 62]. Third wave of democratization began in the mid-70's of XX century., Fueled, according to Huntington, five major factors.first factor is due to undermine the legitimacy of authoritarian systems, as in society is growing discontent over the failure of government promises no mechanism for self-renewal of political leadership, the collapse of communist regimes in Eastern Europe and the USSR undermined the possibility of Marxism-Leninism as an alternative to democracy.second factor is due to economic growth. Although, according to the author, the level of economic development by itself is neither necessary nor sufficient condition for the consolidation of democracy (some regimes of rich countries, particularly oil exporters, is not democracy), economic factors in this process is significant. The transition to demo...
