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Реферат A contrastive analysis of consonants of English and Turkish languages





oots - Single Syllable Words

but - thigh budu - the thigh / his, her, its thigh-bottom / base dibi - the bottom / the base / its bottom

сік - a tot / much / very cogu - the lot / his, her, its lot

gok - skygogii - the sky / its sky

кар - vessel kabi - the vessel / his vessel

kurt - worm / wolfkurdu - the worm, the wolf / his wolf

uc - point / tip / enducu - the point / his, her, its point

yurt - tent yurdu - the tent, the villageNotes about Consonants in Turkishcan not end with the soft consonants - b, c, d, gmust end in the equivalent hard forms p, c, t, до in order to finish the pronunciation without continuity thus helping the listener to determine word breaks in conversation.has changed the English import of the word - Pub (public house) into a Turkish version of the word - Pup - which ends in the eqivalent hard consonant-p. So-Sahil Pup - has been written for-Sahil Pub (Beach Pub). Example - kebab - is wrong - kebap-is correct-(Although the original form of the word - kebap-is kebab - in Arabic.) The name -Mehmed - is wrong - Mehmet - is correct. there are a few words which do end in soft consonants such as - ad, od, sac - simply to make their meaning recognizable from similar word that have a hard consonant at the end. This little group of words is an exception to the general rule that words always end in a Hard Consonant.: (Isim) - first name (noun) and at (binek hayvam) - horse (riding animal) (ate §) - fire and ot (bitki) - grass (plant) (yassi demir) - sheet iron and sac (kil) - hair (bristle)

Among Turkish consonants, the so-called soft G (?) and R cause the greatest difficulty in utterance. The soft G has been the centre of debates among linguists as to whether it can be counted as a separate letter. For example, Lewis comments on the Turkish orthography stating that? has no sound at all between certain vowels or may have the sound of «y» between certain vowels, and after some vowels before a following consonant., it would be wrong to say that? has no sound at all between certain vowels, as this letter has a specific function each time it is used. Lewis states that? is a concession to the traditional spelling of Turkish in the Arabo-Persian alphabet, G and GH. Medial or final GH becomes? .... This? whether in borrowings or in native words, though audible as a «Northumbrian burr» of varying intensity in dialect, serves in standard Turkish to lengthen the preceding vowel, a following vowel being swallowed up.goes on to say that between O and A, or O and U, it may be heard as a weak «v» or «w» and adds that? in conjunction with front vowels is heard as a weak «y». While all these statements do have a grain of truth in them, the letter? does more than serve to lengthen the preceding vowel. The following list of examples of words with? aims to clarify the function of? in each case:

5

Word without? Word with? How g% changes sound of wordar?/Ar? / (Bee) a? r? (Pain) / a: hrh? / - A lengthened, R aspirated, while upper and lower lip move toward one another.erik / er? k / (plum) e? ri (crooked, bent) / ejr? /? heard like weak Y. e? e (file - kind of tool) First E aspirated, thus / ehe /. ? l? man /? l? man / (mild)?? r? p (kind of fishing ne...


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