t) /?: r? p /: first? is more voiced followed by? . Il /? l / (city) i? ne (needle) / i: hne / - i is lengthened and aspirated. o? lak (ram) / o: lak / - O lengthened as lower lip moves forward. o? ul (son) / o: h? l / - O lengthened and aspirated as lower lip moves forward. ? ks? z /? ksyz / (orphan)?? retmen (teacher) /? : Retmen /? lengthened and R after? more voiced.un /? n / (flour) u? ultu (humming noise) / u: uhlt?/- Second U lengthened and a kind of following aspiration. u? ra? (A struggle) / u: hra?/- U lengthened, lips rounded. ? n / yn / (fame) z??? rt (spendthrift) / zyyhrt / second? with following aspiration. but not least, the consonant R can also cause problems for learners of Turkish. In initial position the letter R has the sound / r /, in medial position it produces a rolling sound. When R is in final position, foreign learners hear it as /? /. It is, however, not a /?/Sound but an R that produces a heavy aspiration or even a whisper - more like a fricative or even a «laryngeal».
1.3 Summary
All sounds are devided into three major categories: vowels, consonants and glides. A consonant is a speech sound while pronouncing which the organs of speech form a restricted obstruction or no obstruction to the airflow.consonants are articulated with greater constriction, usually creating more accoustic noise han vowels.the English language there are 24 consonants and they are classified according to 4 principles.
I. According to the type of obstruction and the manner of noise production.
II. According to the active organ of speech and the place of obstruction.
III. According to the work of the vocal cords and the force of articulation.
IV. According to the position of the soft palate.
They are usually classified by the manner of articulation, place of articulation and voicing.may be voiced and voiceless, and oral or nasal. They are produced at various places of articulation: labial, dental, alveolar, alvelarpalatal, palatal, velar, and glottal. At the place of articulation, the airstream is modified by different manners of articulation and the resulting sounds are plosives, fricatives, median, lateral or affricates.has 20 consonant phonemes. There are no consonant clusters at the beginning of words. Stops, fricatives, and affricates are devoiced in final position, eg, kitap «book» (In the nominative case), kitab «book» (In the accusative case). May be voiced and voiceless, and oral or nasal. They are produced at various places of articulation: labial, labiodental, alveolar, postalveolar, palatal, velar, and glottal. At the place of articulation, the airstream is modified by different manners of articulation and the resulting sounds are fricatives, tap, lateral approximant, semivowel or affricates.
english turkish consonant language
Chapter 2. General similarities and differences of the consonant sounds in English and Turkish
are made with air stream that meets an obstruction in the mouth or nasal cavities. That is why in the production of consonant sounds there is a certain degree of noise.
Consonants are the bones of a word and give it its basic shape. English accents differ m...
