s. p> For example, Sony has stopped the choice on integration. At a growing competition capability to combine different types of activity allows this company to outstrip competitors in an adaptation question to changeable requirements of the market and to provide to the brand image of the manufacturer of high-quality electronics;
Гј Enterprise carrying over on the new place, allowing to get access to the most favourable resources. Even if the integrated enterprises aren't subcontractors, all of them are equally interested in receiving benefit from globalization, choosing for the factories a convenient site and by that reducing the costs for production. As an example it is possible to result the Spanish company Zara which more than half of goods produces at home, but at the same time places production and in the countries with cheap labor power (in the Eastern Europe and Asia). The Hourly pay of work of the Chinese worker averages $ 1, while in the USA or the Western Europe - from $ 15 to $ 30. Other example - large capital publishing houses which use the typographies located in a province. Enterprise moving on a new place allows to get also access to those компетенціями which aren't present in own market. For example, the American players of the market of credit cards successfully transfer some tasks connected with the analysis of client base to India. As a result it is possible to lower essentially costs, and also not to involve in the decision of this problem of the American specialists which consider its excessively labor-consuming.
Benefit from moving can be received, only if to improve necessary skills and to deepen the knowledge. First of all it is a question of employees who are capable to establish effective mutual relations, successfully overcoming language and cultural barriers. Besides it is necessary to allocate means for quality control of conditions of moving. And at last, to invest in struggle against numerous specific risks (tab. 1), such as: policy risks, a know-how or intellectual property leakage, risk of fast deterioration of reputation at world level in case of origin of difficulties. So, at the factory in Haiti Levi Strauss has faced a problem of non-observance of the labor law. It has catastrophically affected its reputation, and the company has incurred essential losses which have surpassed the economy received for the account of cheap labor power;
Costs necessary for decrease in risks at the international integration of business
Cost type
Example.
Administrative expenses (the control of accomplishment of works, negotiating so further)
Bear all companies bar none. On the average constitute approximately 8% of cost of the contract
Expenses on quality control, payment of production managers and tracing of working process
Emilia Maglia (the Italian textile company) has been forced to take for work of the Italian manager that he observed of labor obtainable locally at the factories placed in Romania
Expenses on repair work and maintenance service
In case of the company of Hewlett Packard moving of system of the customer accounting to India has caused heavy expenses as it was necessary to direct the technicians for check of operation of system on places.
The expenses connected with low production of work
Company Luxoptica has established following quotations on production of one and steams of lenses: 1,2 dollars for the Chinese worker and 2,63 dollars for Italian. However low production of work of the Chinese workers, an over-expenditure of materials and other factors couldn't compensate more attractive hourly rates
The expenses connected with a local infrastructure
In India the electricity, and telecommunication not always high quality often disconnect. It assumes heavy expenses at placing in these countries of the service centers and accounting systems.
Expenses connected with local standard conditions
Labor law non-observance at factories Levi Strauss placed to Haiti, has led to catastrophic consequences for image of the company.
The expenses connected with risks of delegation of power
When Sarp has realized that thanks to subcontractors competitors use its high technologies, it has reduced quantity of the operations transferred to partners.
The expenses c...
