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References
According to the Degree of NoiseClass A. Noise ConsonantsClass B. SonorantsVary: 1. In the manner of articulation. 2. In the place of articulation. 3. In the work of the vocal cords. 4. In the force of articulation.Vary: 1. In the manner of articulation. 2. In the place of articulation. 3. In the position of the soft palate. 4. In the direction of the air stream.
Ciass A. Noise consonantsb, d. g, v, d. z, з, Фp, t, k, f, Е, sj.1f.liAccording to the work of the vocal cordsvoicedvoicelessAccording to the force of articulationweak (lenis) strong (fortis
Active org. / place of obstructionForelingualMediolingualBacklingualDental / Interdentald, tAlveolar t, d, n, l, s, zAlveolar-palatal c, g, s, zPost-alveolarrPalataljVelark, g, n
The Classification of English Consonants According to the Place of Articulation
LabialLingualGlottalBilabialLabiodentalForelingualMedio-lingual palatalBack-lingual velarinterdentalalveolarpost-alveolarpalato-alveolarP.bm wf, ve sznt, dr? ? k, gh 1
Noise ConsonantsSonorantsOcclusive stops (plosives) Constrictive fricativesOcclusive-constrictive" (affricates) OcclusiveConstrictivep, bt, dk, gf, vs, г h? ,? m n 0w 1 r j
LetterIPAEnglish approximationLetterIPAEnglish approximationBbbAs b in batMmmAs m in manCcd? As j in jobNnnAs n in not?? t? As ch in chatPppAs p in putDddAs d in dogRr? As r in ratFffAs f in farSssAs s in sandGggAs g in gap?? ? As sh in she?? : Soft, lengthens preceding vowelTttAs t in topHhhAs h in hotVvvAs v in valveJj? As g in montageZzzAs z in zipKkkAs c in catLllAs l in let
Consonant phonemes of Standard English
BilabialLabio dentalInter dentalDentalAlveolarAlveo palatalPalatalVelar UvularPharyngealGlottalPlosivep, bt, dk, gNasalmnTrillFlaprFricativef, v? ,? S, z? hApproximantj Lateral ApproximantAffricate? phonemes of Standard Turkish
BilabialLabiodentalDentalAlveolarPostalveolarPalatalVelarGlottalPlosivespbtdcjk? NasalsmnFricativesfvsz? ? ? hAffricates?? TaprApproximantjLateral approximantsll
Bb same as in EnglishCc like s in pleasure. ?- Sounds like ch as in the word «Turkish» Dd same as in English. Ff same as in EnglishGg as «g» in «God». ?? is silent, but makes the vowels before it long when it appears at the end of a word or before a consonant. Between vowels it is either silent or is pronounced (y) Hh as in Hello Jj as in garage Kk same as in English.Ll like l in life. Mm same as in English Nn same as in EnglishPp same as in EnglishRr...
