(Richard III, V, iii)
) anaphora
Mad world! Mad kings! Mad composition! Raquo; (King John, II, i)
4) anthimeria
I'll unhair thy head. (Antony and Cleoptra, II, v)
) antithesis
Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more.
(Julius Caesar, III, ii)
) chiasmus
Fair is foul, and foul is fair (Macbeth, I, i)
) diacope
Put out the light, and then put out the light. (Othello, V, ii)
) ellipsis
And he to England shall along with you. (Hamlet, III, iii)
) epanalepsis
Blood hath bought blood, and blows have answer'd blows.
(King John, II, i)
) epimone
Who is here so base that would be a bondman? If any, speak; for him I have offended.is here so rude that would not be a Roman? If any speak; for him have I offended.
(Julius Caesar, III, ii)
) epistrophe
I'll have my bond! not against my bond!
(Merchant of Venice, III, iii)
) hyperbaton
Some rise by sin, and some by virtue fall. (Measure for Measure, II, i)
) malapropism
I do lean upon justice, sir, and do bring in here before your good honor two notorious benefactors.
Are they not malefactors? (Measure for Measure, II, i)
) metaphor
Made glorious summer by this son of York. Raquo; (Richard III, I, i)
) metonymy
Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears. (Julius Caesar, III, ii)
) onomatopoeia
There be more wasps that buzz about his nose. (Henry VIII, III, ii)
) parallelism
And therefore, since I can not prove a loverentertain these fair well-spoken days, am determin? d to prove a villainhate the idle pleasures of these days. (Richard III, I, i)
) parenthesis
... Then shall our names, in his mouth as household words -the King, Bedford and Exeter, and Talbot, Salisbury and Gloucester -in their flowing cups freshly remembered. (Henry V, IV, iii)
) polysyndeton
If there be cords, or knives ,, or fire, or suffocating streams, 'll not endure it. (Othello, III, iii)
) simile
My love is as a fever, longing stillthat which longer nurseth the disease (Sonnet CXLVII)
) synecdoche
Take thy face hence. (Macbeth, V, ii) above examples clearly illustrate that Shakespeare used a very broad arsenal of lexical and stylistic means to express the passions of the characters and the dramatic tension of situations. However, while speaking about his contribution to the English lexicon we forgot about his peculiar attitude to the English grammar. Indeed some of his phrases seem incorrect to modern readers. The completely break the rules of the English grammar. Some scholars even say that Shakespeare didn t obey the rules of grammar, because he didn t know them. That s a joke, of course. The truth is that the language in general and grammar rules in particular were much more flexible in that time than they are now. Hence the phrases with multiple negation, for example. , Grammar rules undergone some changes with the time and the things that were normal during the Renaissance period are regarded incorrect today.about Shakespeare s text, it is necessary to note some features peculiar to his use of grammar. The first one, of course is multiple negation. The poet used it for extra emphasis. For example:
Nor never could the noble Mortimerso many, and all willingly.
or
... love no man in good earnest, nor no further in sport neyther.
Another prominent feature of his writings is the presence of the old forms of verbs and pronouns, such as
· thou, thee instead of you, your (Come, thou monarch of the vine)
· doth instead of do (That doth invert the attest of eyes and ears)
·; mine instead of my. (mine eye) and so on.and negatives in Shakespeare s texts are often formed without auxiliary verbs do or did. However it m...
