. Beaugrande define coherence as a continuity of senses and the mutual access and relevance within a configuration of concepts and relations. [1, p.189] Coherence, as a sub-surface feature of a text, concerns the ways in which the meanings within a text (concepts, relations among them and their relations to the external world) are established and developed.is not only structural but also thematic unity, and thus can distinguish meaningful parameters that characterize it as a unit of a higher level. Note, however, that sometimes informative text options listed below are considered as belonging to the theory of pragmatics. [2]
. Intentionality. There are objects and intentions of author of the text.
2. Acceptability. It`sa parameter indicating availability of text to the recipient and emphasizing the active role of the recipient in the text.
. Informativity. It is a degree of representation of something new, unknown, unexpected. It emphasizes the basic property of the text of bearing of certain information.
. Situational parameter. It is a match of form and content of the text of the situation of communication. It allows to place the text in the format of communication, making it relevant for communicants.
. Intertextuality. It is the relationship of the text to other texts. In contrast to the above-mentioned types of cohesion and coherence it does not consider the internal but external relations communication of the text. Each new text - consciously or not - is generated by the author given existing ones, which traces are found in the text.
1.6 Text and Discourse
Last years, along with the development of the theory of the text is actively developing the theory of discourse. Text and Discourse are similar concepts, but not identical. Under the text, most researchers understand the example of writing, literary speech. But it doesn t exist distinct and generally accepted definition of discourse. The term discourse began to be used widely in the 1970s. According to the Anglo-American linguistic tradition, a discourse" refers to a connected speech and the discourse is identified with the dialogue. Thus, the discourse has been considered as a component of linguistic communication, and, more broadly - as speech ( oral and written), included in a communicative context. Discourse is the verbal response to the situation of human communication; it is human activity along with other activities.like a text has its own formal features. As the most important should be called discursive vocabulary (discursive marker, discourse operator) - verbal elements, which adequate interpretation is possible only during their inclusion in the structure of the speech. By discursive vocabulary scholars include interjections (Oh, aha), sentential forms (you know, you hear), particles (even, only just) and some others. [6, 148-200]
Summary of Chapter 1
The text is the object of studies of the branch of linguistics called text linguistics. The text can be studied as a product (text grammar) or as a process (theory of text). The text-as-a-product approach is focused on the text cohesion, coherence, topical organization, illocutionary structure and communicative functions; the text-as-a-process perspective studies the text production, reception and interpretation.supra-phrasal unity is a minimal text unit consisting of two or more sentences united by a common topic.have both internal and external functions, according to the principals of text linguistics. Part of the internal function may be referred to as cohesion.is another internal element of text linguistics. An external function of text linguistics is intertextuality.to Halliday and Hasan identify five general categories of cohesive devices that create coherence in texts: reference, ellipsis, substitution, lexical cohesion, and conjunction. in linguistics is what makes a text semantically meaningful. There are 5 parameters of text coherence: intentionality, acceptability, informativity, situational parameter, intertextuality.years, along with the development of the theory of the text is actively developing the theory of discourse. Text and Discourse are similar concepts, but not identical. Discourse is the verbal response to the situation of human communication; it is human activity along with other activities. Discourse like a text has its own formal features.
Chapter 2. Grammatical Analysis of the Text (practical part based on the novel One day by David Nicholls)
In this chapter I`m going to consider different examples of text`s grammatical characterist...
