phrases and sentences?
· Sociolinguistic competence is knowing how to use and respond to language appropriately, given the setting, the topic, and the relationships among the people communicating. Sociolinguistic competence asks: Which words and phrases fit this setting and this topic? How can I express a specific attitude (courtesy, authority, friendliness, respect) when I need to? How do I know what attitude another person is expressing?
· Discourse competence is knowing how to interpret the larger context and how to construct longer stretches of language so that the parts make up a coherent whole. Discourse competence asks: How are words, phrases and sentences put together to create conversations, speeches, email messages, newspaper articles?
· Strategic competence is knowing how to recognize and repair communication breakdowns, how to work around gaps in one s knowledge of the language, and how to learn more about the language and in the context. Strategic competence asks: How do I know when I ve misunderstood or when someone has misunderstood me? What do I say then? How can I express my ideas if I don t know the name of something or the right verb form to use? [18; 103]
Thus, we can see that t he modules in this section identify eight aspects of communicative competence. They are grouped together in two groups of four:
? Linguistic aspects :
- Phonology and orthography
- Grammar
- Vocabulary
- Discourse (textual)
? Pragmatic aspects:
- Functional aspect
- Sociolinguistic aspect)
- Interactional skills
- Cultural framework [19]
Linguistic aspects
The linguistics aspects of communicative competence are those that have to do with achieving an internalized functional knowledge of the elements and structures of the language.
Phonological competence is the ability to recognize and produce the distinctive meaningful sounds of a language, including:
· consonants
· vowels
· tone patterns
· intonation patterns
· rhythm patterns
· stress patterns
· any other suprasegental features that carry meaning [20].
Grammatical competence is the ability to recognize and produce the distinctive grammatical structures of a language and to use them effectively in communicationpetence as defined by Noam Chomsky would include phonological competence. of French need to learn to understand the different time references of sets of words such as je partais, je parte, je parterai, and to be able to make appropriate time reference when speaking or writing.
Lexical competence is the ability to recognize and use words in a language in the way that speakers of the language use them. Lexical competence includes understanding the different relationships among families of words and the common collocations of words.learning English need to be able to recognize the concept of chair and what makes it different from a < i align="justify"> stool , a sofa , or a bench . They also need to know that a chair is a piece of furniture , and that there are various kinds of chairs , including easy chairs , deck chairs, office chairs, rocking chairs and so on. They also need to understand how chair is now used in an extended sense for what used to be termed a chairman , especially when referring to a woman, as in Julie Wright is the chair of the committee [21].
Discourse competence is used to refer to two related, but distinct abilities. Textual discourse competence refers to the ability to understand and construct monologues or written texts of different genres, such as narratives, procedural texts, expository texts, persuasive (hortatory) texts, descriptions and others. These discourse genres have different characteristics, but in each genre there are some elements that help make the text coherent, and other elements which are used to make important points distinctive or prominent.a language involves learning how to relate these different types ...
