say that commitment to the truth of a proposition is often a matter of degree. Du? Kov? et al. claim that besides the actual content of the proposition, the speaker can express the degree of conviction (certainty) of the real relevance of the proposition, ie whether the content of the message seems to the recipient certain, possible or impossible (different degree of probability).. Leech and J. Svartvik speak of scale of likelihood: Instead of thinking of truth and falsehood in black-and-white terms, we can think in terms of a scale of likelihood; the extremes of the scale are impossibility and certainty (or logical necessity). Likewise Biber D. use the term extrinsic modality and define it as referring to the logical status of events or states, usually relating to assessments of likelihood: possibility, necessity, or prediction .was already suggested, epistemic modality can be divided into several types. For example Quirk R. distinguishes possibility (usually expressed by modal may), necessity (expressed by modal must) and prediction (expressed by modal will). J. K? Rkk? Inen summarizes that the types of epistemic modalities most commonly distinguished by many of the above scholars are possibility, probability and (inferred) certainty, whether they make reference to truth in their initial definition of epistemic modality or not.
§2. Analysis of language means of modality expressing
The problem of modality and its means of expressing doesn t come to the solution till nowadays. Despite of vast quantity of special researches devoted to analysis of modal category, its grammatical essence, the objects of arguing and disagreement among scientists are still such questions like the identification of the content of the definition modality, means of its expressing in concrete languages, its correlation with another categories and so on.
. 1 Analysis of modality expressing language means
The main means of modality expressing in language is morphological category of mood. Also modality is expressed by lexical means: modal and parenthetical words, verbs of certainty/uncertainty and verbs of intellectual activity, modal verbs, subordinating conjunctions (as if, as though, if, unless etc.) [2,153] .verbs must, should- ought, will-would, can-could, may-might, need can express different kinds of assumption. Scientists suppose that modal verbs express an objective reality, and parenthetical words express a subjective one.verb must expresses a assumption that basis on facts and knowledge which is close to confidence. The combination of verb must with imperfect infinitive means that supposed act (or state) is simultaneously with made assumption .: Your father must be nearly eighty now.must be hungry after your long walk.must have taken a wrong turning.verb must is used in the meaning of the assumptions, probability, ie, a large degree of confidence. The speaker believes that the assumption is quite plausible. In this meaning the verb must roughly corresponds to modal words: evidently, apparently, certainly, most likely, probably.expressing assumption verb must be used:
. In combination with the Indefinite Infinitive to express assumption relating to this. Must in this case translates into English by must be likely, but the infinitive by a verb in the present tense. The combination must with the infinitive can be translated into English blend with infinitive :: He must know her address. must be in the Library now. the must is used, Continuous Infinitive, when it was suggested that the action happens at the moment of speech :: Where is he?- He must be walking in the garden.must the probability value is used with the simple form of the infinitive of verbs not normally used in the form of a continued form (to be, to think, etc.,)
. In combination with the Perfect Infinitive to Express assumptions, which refers to the past. The combination of the verb must with perfect infinitive indicates that the proposed action is preceded by a statement of the assumptions, while the premise may refer to both the present and past tense. Must in such cases be translated into Russian by it must be likely, but the infinitive is a verb in the past tense :: They must have forgotten to send us a copy of the telegram with their letter.cases must have been damaged during the unloading of the vessel.is important to note that the verb must in value assumptions used almost exclusively in affirmative sentences. In negative sentences, it is not used at all, and in interrogative sentences are rare, and these questions are rhetorical in nature.negative sentences the assumption is expressed using modal words evidently .: Evidently, she did not know my address.possible mixes with the shade of doubt, uncertainty, use the verb may. It means the assu...
