ve six-year terms. Each state, regardless of population, has two senators. The terms of the senators are staggered, so that only one-third of the Senate is elected every two years. p align="justify">
The Executive branch of the USA The chief executive of the United States is the president, who, together with the vice president, is elected to a 4-year term. Under a Constitutional Amendment passed in 1951, a president can be elected to only two terms. The powers of the presidency are formidable, but not without limitations. The president, as the chief formulator of public policy, often proposes legislation to Congress. The president can also veto any bill passed by Congress. The veto can be overridden by a two-thirds vote in both the Senate and House of Representatives. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges as vacancies occur, including members of the Supreme Court. The president appoints the heads and senior officials of the executive branch agencies; the large majority of federal workers. The major departments of the government are headed by appointed secretaries who collectively make up the president's cabinet. p align="justify"> The judicial branch has the power to:
- decide what a law means;
- decide if a law agrees with the Constitution or disagrees with it;
- decide if actions of the President agree with the Constitution or disagree with it;
. Об'єднане королівство Великої Британии та Північної Ірландії, его політична система
The Judicial branch of the UK of Great Britain and Northern IrelandUnited Kingdom has no Ministry of Justice. Responsibility for the administration of the judicial system in England and Wales is divided between the courts themselves, the Lord Chancellor, and the Home Secretary. The Lord Chancellor is responsible for the composition of the courts, civil law, parts of criminal procedure and law reform in general; the Home Secretary is responsible for the prevention of criminal offences, trial and treatment of offenders and for the prison service. He recommends all judicial appointments to the Crown, appoints magistrates. The Judiciary is independent of executive; its judgments are not subject to ministerial direction or control. The Prime Minister recommends the highest judicial appointments to the Crown. The Lord Chancellor is the head of the judiciary, except in Scotland. He recommends all judicial appointments to the Crown - other than those recommended by the Prime Minister and appoints magistrates. The House of Lords is the final court of appeal, but in practice appeals are heard by life peers who are senior judges or who have held high judicial office
. Гілки власти Об'єднаного королівства Великої Британии та Північної Ірландії, основні Функції
The Legislative branchGovernment is the management of the country. The Government makes the important decisions, eg about foreign policy, education, or health, but all these decisions have to be approved by Parliament. The U.K. of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a constitutional monarchy. It has either a king or a queen - as its Head of State, but the power of the monarch is limited by the country s constitution. The Constitution of the United Kingdom is not one document, as are the constitutions of many other countries. State Organs of the United Kingdom include the monarchy, the legislative, executive and judicial organs of Government. Parliament is the most important legislative body of the British people consisting of the House of Commons, the House of Lords and the Sovereign. The House of Commons is a nation-wide representative body. The House of Commons consists of 651 Members of Parliament. Only the House of Common can give permission for the Government to collect taxes. The House of Lords, the upper house of the British Parliament, consists of over 1,000 non-elected members: the Lords Temporal and the Lords Spiritual.Executive branchUK is governed by the Government. The Ministry is the government of the moment. The head of the government is the Prime Minister who is appointed directly by the Crown. The Queen appoints but doesn t select the Prime Minister. She has no choice because the Prime Minister is always the leader of the political party which has a majority of seats in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister is always a member of the House of Commons. His main functions are: leading the majority party; running the Government; appointing Cabinet Ministers and other ministers; representing the nation in political matters. There is no limit on the size of the Cabinet but the number of salaried Secretaries of state is limited to 21. The Cabinet meets regularly...
