h? n it r? f? rs t? an army? ffic? r is n? v? r h? ard in Am? rican? nglish; [lut? n? nt] was r? c? mm? nd? d f? r Am? ricans by N? ah W? bst? r in his Am? rican Dicti? nary? f th? ? nglish Languag? (1828). W? bst? r als? r? c? mm? nd? d sch? dul? with [sk-]. It is lik? ly, h? w? v? r, that th? hist? rical pr? nunciati? n with [s-] was th? ? n? m? st wid? ly us? d in b? th? ngland and Am? rica in 1828. Th? usual British pr? nunciati? n is with [? -], alth? ugh [sk-]? ccurs th? r? as w? ll.
? th? r pr? nunciati? ns that ar? nati? nally distinctiv? includ? (with th? Am? rican pr? nunciati? n giv? n first) chagrin [??? gr? n]/[??. gr? n], cl? rk [kl? rk]/[kl? k], c? r? llary [? k? r ?? l? ri]/[k ?? r? l? r?], dynasty [? da? n? sti ]/[? d? n? st?], lab? rat? ry [? l.br ?? t? ri]/[l ?? b? r? t (?) r?]? r [? l. br? t (?) r?], misc? llany [? m? s ?? l? ni]/[m ?? s? l? n?], pr? mi? r [pr ?? m? r]/[? pr? my?]? r [? primy?]. Am? rican carbur? t? r [? k? rb ?? r? t? r] and British carbur? t? r [? k? by ?? r? t?] ar? , In additi? N as w? ll as t? b? ing pr? n? unc? d diff? r? ntly, variant writt? n f? rms, as ar? th? w? rds aluminum (again, N? ah W? bst? rs ch? ic?) and aluminium.f? rm? r? sw ?? ping diff? r? nc? s, what strik? s m? st Am? rican? ars m? st str? ngly is th? m? d? rn standard British shift? f an? ld? r [.] (which surviv? s in Am? rican? nglish? xc? pt b? f? r? r as in far, lm as in calm, and in fath? r) t? [?] In a numb? r? f v? ry fr? qu? ntly us? d w? rds lik? ask, path, and class. Up t? th? v? ry? nd? f th? ? ight ?? nth c? ntury, [?] in such w? rds was c? nsid? r? d l? w? r-class. This shift cann? T, h? W? v? r, b? r? gard? d as? xclusiv? ly British, inasmuch as its? ff? ct is? vid? nt in th? sp ?? ch? f? ast? rn N? w? ngland. Pr? s? nt Am? rican usag? in r? gard t? such w? rds is n? t c? nsist? nt: a B? st? nian may, f? r instanc? , Hav? [?] (? R an int? Rm? Diat? [A]) in half (and th? Np? Rhaps? Nly s? M?? F th? Tim?), But n? T in can t,? R vic? v? rsa.? rding t? J? Hn S. K? ny? n (183), Th? pr? nunciati? n? f ask w? rds with [a]? r [?] has b ?? n a fav? rit? fi? ld f? r sch ?? lmast? ring and? l? cuti? nary quack? ry. Ind ?? d,? n? h? ars Am? rican TV p? rs? naliti? s pr? n? unc? [a] in w? rds lik? hat, happy, and dishpan hands that w? r? n? t aff? ct? d by th? af? r? m? nti? n? d shift [57, 124c.]. ? us? ? f British? r B? st? nian [?] in what K? ny? n calls th? ask w? rds, supp? s? d by s? m? naiv? Am? rican sp? ak? rs t? hav? high? r s? cial standing than th? n? rmal Am? rican [.], is fraught with dang? r. With sp? ak? rs wh? us? it naturally, in th? s? ns? that th? y acquir? d it in childh ?? d wh? n l? arning t? talk, it n? v? r? ccurs in a gr? at many w? rds in which it might b? ? xp? ct? d by anal? gy. Thus, bass, crass, lass, and mass hav? [.], In c? Ntrast t? th? [?]? F class, glass, grass, and pass. But classic, classical, classicism, classify, passag? , Pass? ng? r, and passiv? all hav? [.]. has [.], but plast? r has [?]; ampl? has [.], but? xampl? and sampl? hav? [?]; fancy and r? manc? hav? [.], But chanc? , Danc? , And glanc? hav? [?]; cant hyp? critical talk has [.], but can t cann? t has [?]; masc? t, massacr? , And past? l hav? [.], But bask? t, mast? r, and nasty hav? [?]; and bastard, masqu? rad? , And mastiff may hav? ? ith? r [.]? r [?]. It is? Bvi? Us that f? w status s ?? k? rs c? uld mast? r such c? mpl? xiti? s,? v? n if th? r? w? r? any r? al p? int in d? ing s ?. Th? r? is n? n? , Actually, f? R n? ? n? w? rth f ?? ling w? uld b? f ?? l? d by such a shall? w display? f linguistic virtu? sity.? m? what l? ss n? tic? abl? , P? rhaps b? caus? it is m? r? wid? spr? ad in Am? rican? nglish than th? us? ? f [?]? r [a] in th? ask w? rds, is th? standard British? nglish l? ss? f [r]? xc? pt wh? n a v? w? l f? ll? ws it. Th? Am? rican tr? atm? nt? f this s? und is, h? w? v? r, s? m? what m? r? c? mplicat? d than th? British. In parts? F th? d ?? p S? uth, it may b? l? st? v? n b? tw ?? n v? w? ls, as in Car? lina and v? ry. But in? N? way? r an? th? r, [r] is l? st in? ast? rn N? w? ngland, in N? w Y? rk City, and in m? st? f th? c? astal S? uth. Away fr? M th? Atlantic C? Ast, it is r? tain? d in m? st p? siti? ns. Th? r? ar? ? th? r l? ss striking ph? n? l? gical diff? r? nc? s, lik? th? British slightly r? Und? d sh? rt? [?] In c? Ntrast t? th? Am? rican unr? und? d [?] in c? llar, g? t, st? p, and th? lik?. Y? t in w? st? rn P? nnsylvania and? ast? rn N? w? ngland, a v? w? l lik? th? British? N? can b? h? ard in th? s? w? rds. ? nglish l? ng ag? l? st its s? c? ndary str? ss? n th? p? nultimat? syllabl...
