? s? f p? lysyllabl? s in -ary, -? ry, and -? ry (f? r? xampl?, military, millin? ry,? bligat? ry). This sub? Rdinat? str? ss is r? gularly r? tain? d in Am? rican? nglish, as in m? nast? ry, s? cr? tary, t? rrit? ry, and th? lik?. Th? s? c? ndary str? ss may b? lacking in Am? rican library (s? m? tim? sr? duc? dt? disyllabic [? la? bri]), but it r? gularly? ccurs in? th? r such w? rds.? nati? nal charact? ristics-risings and fallings in pitch-plus timbr? ? f v? ic? distinguish British? nglish fr? m Am? rican? nglish far m? r? than pr? nunciati? ns? f individual w? rds. V? Ic? quality in this c? nn? cti? n has n? t b ?? n much inv? stigat? d, and m? st stat? m? nts ab? ut it ar? impr? ssi? nistic; but th? r? can b? littl? d? ubt? f its significanc?. ? v? n if th? y w? r? t? l? arn British int? nati? n, Am? ricans (such as B? st? nians, wh? s? tr? atm? nt? fr and? f th? v? w? l? f ask, path, and th? lik? agr ?? s with that? f standard British? nglish) w? uld n? v? r in th? w? rld pass am? ng th? British as? nglish. Th? y w? uld still b? sp? tt? d as Yanks by practically? v? ry? n? in th? British Isl? s. Pr? cisi? n in th? d? scripti? n? f nati? nally charact? ristic v? ic? qualiti? s must, h? w? v? r, b? l? ft f? r futur? inv? stigat? rs.r? gard t? int? nati? n, th? diff? r? nc? s ar? m? st n? tic? abl? in qu? sti? ns and r? qu? sts. C? Ntrast th? int? nati? n patt? rns? f th? f? ll? wing s? nt? nc? s, v? ry r? ughly indicat? d as th? y w? uld cust? marily b? sp? k? n in British and Am? rican? nglish: It is usually difficult? r imp? ssibl? t? t? ll wh? th? r a sing? r is? nglish? r Am? rican b? caus? th? int? nati? nal patt? rns in singing ar? th? s? ? f th? c? mp? s? r. It is m? St unlik? ly that t? mp? plays any part in th? id? ntificati? n? f acc? nt, British? r Am? rican. T? Am? ricans unaccust? m? d t? h? aring it, British sp ?? ch fr? qu? ntly s ?? ms t? b? running? n at a gr? at rat?. But this impr? ssi? n? f sp ?? d is d? ubtl? ss als? ? xp? ri? nc? d in r? gard t? Am? rican? nglish by th? s? ? nglish p? ? pl? wh? hav? n? t c? m? int? c? ntact with Am? rican t? l? visi? n sh? ws, m? vi? s, and t? urists, if th? r? ar? any such? nglish. S? M? p? ? pl? sp? ak sl? wly, s? m? rapidly, r? gardl? ss? f nati? nality; m? r? ? v? r, th? sam? individuals ar? lik? ly t? sp? ak m? r? rapidly wh? n th? y kn? w what th? y ar? talking ab? ut than wh? n th? y must mak? c? nv? rsati? n. [58, 164c.]? typ? ? f Am? rican sp ?? ch that? n? n? w h? ars m? st fr? qu? ntly? n nati? nal t? l? visi? n,? sp? cially in c? mm? rcials,? liminat? s r? gi? nal? r individual charact? ristics disc? rnibl? t? untrain? d? ars. Th? ? xt? nt? f th? influ? nc? and pr? stig? ? f th? s? wh? sp? ak th? c? mm? rcials may b? gaug? d by th? astr? n? mical sums sp? nt? n such adv? rtising. ? rhaps this f? rm? f sp ?? ch, bas? d t? a larg? ? xt? nt? n writing, may in tim? b? c? m? a standardiz? d nati? nwid? dial? ct.
? NCLUSI? N
As w? hav? stat? d thr? ught this w? rk, maj? r chang? s in th? c? ns? nant syst? m? ccur? d in th? transiti? nal p? ri? d fr? m ?? t? M? , Wh? r? as m? st chang? s fr? m M? t? Mn? w? r? basically in sp? lling rath? r than in pr? nunciati? n. H? r? f? ll? ws a tabl? sh? wing th? ? v? luti? n? f th? c? ns? nants taking th? ph? n? m? s as a starting p? int and th? n a c? ntrast b? tw ?? n th? ir diff? r? nt sp? llings acr? ss tim?.
Ph? n? m ??? M ?? Mn? Pd?/b/bb, bbb, bbb, bb/k/c, k (rar?) k, kk, c, cc, qu (f? r/kw /) k, kk, c, cc, ck, qu (f ? r/kw /? r/k /), ch (in l? anw? rds) k, kk, c, cc, ck, qu (f? r/kw /? r/k /), ch (in l ? anw? rds)/t?/cch, cchch, t, c, cch, tchch, t, c, tch/d?/c? cg, c? (rar?), ?? (rar?), gg, j, ig,? dg, dg? , J, d, gdg, dg? , J, d, g/s/ss, ss, cs, ss, c, ts, ss, c/d/dd, ddd, dd,? dd, dd,? d/t/tt, ttt, tt, d,? d,? tt, tt, d,? d,? t/f/ff, fff, ff, phf, ff, gh, ph/v/f, vv, uv, u, vv, uuv/g/?, g (rar?) ?, g, gg, ghg, gg , ghg, gg, gh/j/?, g ?, g, y, i (rar?) y, i (rar?) y, u (t? r? pr? s? nt/j/+/u/ )/h/hhhh/n/nn, nn, gnn, nn, gnn, nn, gn /?/- z, s, si, gz, s, si, g/l/ll, lll, lll, ll/ m/mm, mmm, mm, mnm, mm, mn /?/- ngng/p/pp, ppp, ppp, pp/r/rr, rrr, rrr, rr/z/-s, z, zz,? (rar?) s, z, zzs, z, zz /?/?, ??,?, th, yth,?, yth /? /?, ??,?, th, yth,?, yth/w/ ww, wh, quw, whw, wh /?/scsc, sh, ssh, sch, sss, sh, c, ti, ss, sch (l? anw? rds), si, ssis, sh, c, ti, sch (l? anw? rds), si, ssi /? /?, h --- /?/h ---/x/h ---
As w? can appr? ciat? , In ?? m? st s? unds c? rr? sp? nd? d t? a singl? graph? m? ? r vic?-v? rsa, wh? r? as th? numb? r? f graph? m? s wa...
