1. The Communicative Approach
The origins of Communicative Language Teaching are to be found in the changes in the British language teaching tradition dating from the late 1960s. The writings of D. Wilkins, H. Widdowson, C. Candlin, C. Brumfit, K. Johnson and other British applied linguists on the theoretical basics for a communicative or functional approach to language teaching; the rapid application of these ideas by textbook writers; the equally rapid acceptance of these new principles by British Language teaching specialists, curriculum development centers, and even governments gave prominence nationally and internationally to what came to be referred to as the Communicative Approach.essential characteristics of the approach are:
1. Most of the class time is pent on speaking activities. If the teacher presents a text orally or tells his learners to read it, this receptive task is usually used only as a preparation for immediately introducing a speaking activity related to the text.
2. Only the target language is used in class.
. Most of the speaking activities practiced in class involve spontaneous exchange in unplanned discourse.
. The focus of all classroom is on exchange of information and not on the language and its forms. Learners incorrect utterances are also accepted by the teacher as long as it is relatively clear what they mean.
. There are no grammar explanations and exercises, no drills of any kind, no grammar tests. Grammar is supposed to be acquired in a non-deliberative way, as a by-product of participation in various communicative activities in class. Only when there is a complete block of communication caused by the wrong use of a language form, can the form itself become an object of the learners conscious attention and the teacher may try to explain in some way the meaning of this form.
. Learners errors, particularly grammatical ones, are not corrected by the teacher in any direct way. They are either completely ignored or corrected in an oblique manner.
. The teacher is not the central figure in he classroom and the only provider of feedback. Classroom activities are often carried in small groups or pair, with the teacher walking around, listening in and providing help when necessary.to the New Conception of Education the main aim of teaching foreign language is forming in learners communicative competence, which means mastering language as intercultura...
