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Реферат Archaisms in literature





the night; thou hast tried me, and shalt find nothing ... (Psalm 17:3)

Compare to hast in German. Used in Biblical, Shakespearian and poetical language. /Td>

hath

from have

present third-person singular form of the verb have

This is the day which the Lord hath made; we will rejoice and be glad in it. (Psalm 118:24)

used in Biblical/Shakespearian/poetical language

hither

(to) here

English accusative case form



ivory tablets

unknown

paper for notetaking


Used in 1860s

kine

Middle English kyen , a plural of the Old English cy , plural of cu , meaning cow

cattle


Used until late 1800s; still in Biblical use; Spenser used the form kyne

mote

unknown

may, might


NB. It may be argued that it is not technically defunct since the word is still used in freemasonry and wicca as part of certain rituals.

over the broomstick

unknown

to be married in a folk ceremony and not recognized by the law. Still commonly used as part of the ceremony in modern Pagan weddings by Wiccans, Witches and other alternative spiritualities.

"Then if somebody been wantin 'to marry they step over the broom and it be nounced they married "(Slave Narratives Betty Curlett of Hazen, Arkansas). /Td>

Used in 1860s, "over the brush " still used in British English, c.f. jumping the broomstick.

quantum

Latin for "As much", "how much"

money to pay a bill


Used in 1860s. Still used in this sense in some legal terminology.

rantipole

unknown

to behave in a romping or rude manner


Used in 1860s

read with

unknown

to tutor


Used in 1860s, still used in Caribbean English

shake-down

unknown

a bed


Used in 1860s, also a modern slang term dealing with law enforcement, and, as an adjective indicating an initial cruise for a Navy ship

shalt

from shall

used to form the future tense of verbs

Thou shalt break them with a rod of iron; thou shalt dash them in pieces like a potter's vessel. (Psalm 2:9)

used in Biblical, Shakespearian and poetical language

shew

unknown

Variant of show.

'To shew Louisa, how alike in their creeds, her father and Harthouse are? ' - (Dickens ' notes on Hard Times).

Used in the 19th century

smote

past participle of 'smite' from Old English smitan = 'to strike'

To strike hard, beat, inflict a blow

And he smote them hip and thigh with a great slaughter ... (Judges 15:8)

used in Biblical, Shakespearian and poetical language. /Td>

stand high

unknown

to have a good reputation


Used in 1860s

thee, thou, thy/thine

from Old English ю'

old 2nd person singular pronoun

Thou art my God, and I will praise thee: thou art my God, I will exalt thee. (Psalm 118:28)

"Thee" is used when it is the grammatical object, "Thou" when it is the subject. "Thy" and "thine" are both genitives, but "Thine" is only used in front of an initial vowel or h. Still used in Biblical/Shakespearian/poetical language.
Also still used in northern dialects of British English eg Yorkshire. /Td>

thither

(to) there

English accusative case form of indicative pronoun there



thole

from Old English ю olian


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