Modern classical concept of the elite were formulated in the early twentieth century. V. Pareto, G. Dep, P. Michels. The most common traits shared by elite theory are: of society into elite and mass; of political inequality as the basis of social life; of power supplies due to the "chosen minority; of social history as a set of cycles, characterized by the domination of certain types of elites., elitist concept of democracy says that the ideal of democracy in modern times (still) not implemented substantially. The people representing political power in the ruling elite [2]. Of the varieties of elitism adversarial model is the theory of democracy plebistsytarnoyi M. Weber. According to the logic of reasoning veberskyh representation in parliament of individual independent deputies in the development of liberal democracy is gradually being replaced by political parties. The latter, in turn, produce a single direction and establish strict discipline, becoming a bureaucratic organization. Power remains in the parties in those who regularly worked in the party apparatus and eventually concentrates in professional politicians. This party sets the machine control mechanism over their supporters, including here and members of parliament. The result is a system where parties dominate parliament and the leaders dominate the party. "This circumstance, - noted M. Weber - is of particular importance for the selection of leaders of the party. Becomes the leader of only one particular and across the head of parliament who is subject machine. In other words, the creation of such machines means domination plebistsytarnoyi democracy "[1, 218]
As an alternative against the elitist conception of democracy is the theory partitsypatsiynoyi democracy. By "partitsypatsiyeyu in western political science understood all kinds of participation (voluntary and involuntary) in political life to influence and pressure on decision-making power. The authors interpret the concept of the necessity of most people not only in election campaigns, referendums, but in other kinds of political process, including the formation of power groups and the nomination of political leaders. German political scientists Huhhenberher B. and D. Nolen partitsypatsiynoyi consider the theory of democracy as one of the following critical democratic theory in its center - an analysis of political reality from the perspective of the ideal of individual self-determination and autonomy of the individual targeting [5, 423]. Concept of democracy is closely adjacent poliarhichnoyi communitarian model of democracy, ie a model of democratic development in several countries, different polysyllabic nature of social structure in which society is divided into many segments. This model of society differs by two main features: vertical segmentation of the population into different linguistic, ethnic, racial or ideological community; institutionalize the process of inter...
