the following opportunities to the market economy:
. game on the price difference (speculation);
. investing capital in exchange-traded assets;
. arbitrage;
. funding.goods - is not withdrawn from circulation a certain kind of product, quality.
.2 Operations Stock Exchange
value of the stock exchanges on the economy is very large. The main reason lies in the fact that a very large part of the national wealth of all countries turned into a movable property. State joint-stock company is increasingly used as loans. With the development of credit relations created new types of obligations, and each of them is multiplied by itself, thanks to the emergence of new values. For the marketing of debt it took the market, and this market was specially created institution - the Stock Exchange.of the securities market simply amazing. Today in the capitalist countries, the cost of all the shares and bonds in circulation exceeds the annual gross national product.of the committed transactions in the stock market is inefficient in nature: in their content, they represent only the cost of moving (or title cost) from one hand to the other. There is only one operation of the stock exchange, which can be regarded as a productive - is the placement of new securities.day on the major stock exchanges of the world are carried out operations with tens of millions of shares. The main types of stock transactions are immediate purchase and sale of shares, as well as the conclusion of futures contracts. Like any other market, the stock exchange is not only mediates the conversion of capital invested in the securities, but is at the same time and the arena of speculative manipulation. Much of the exchange operations aimed at obtaining speculative profits in connection with the use of continuous fluctuations in market prices (rates) of the securities. Exchange speculation can be carried out based on the appreciation of the shares (players who hold such a strategy, Called bulls), and in the hope of depreciation (known as the bears). The implementation of speculative transactions is taken into account not only income, but also the degree of risk. All committed transactions in the stock market can be divided into three groups:
. deal with a full warranty;
. Normally speculation;
. speculative excess transaction, the risk of which can not be considered.first group includes transactions in securities of the state; the second - with stocks and bonds of industrial companies, banks, etc., to the third - with the new issue of securities by little-known companies, for the first time got to the turnover. Naturally, the risk can be fraught with different consequences.the stock exchange forward contracts are widespread. Under this kind of exchange operations meant the deal, which gives the right to purchase within a specified period specified number of shares at the rate established at the time of the transaction, or the binding to make this purchase. It is understood that the buyer of securities gains in the event that during the period before the purchase of shares is an increase of their course.share capital is living a kind of double life, having two forms of existence. On the one hand, it is actual capital, a functioning ...
