tors. Their knowledge helps to prevent occupational injuries and diseases, to create more favourable conditions of work, thus ensuring his safety.of the causes of occupational injuries puts the task to establish the laws that caused the causes of accidents and to identify specific actions to address them.of occupational injuries can be:
. Organizational reasons. Absence or poor quality briefing and training process violation, poor jobs, violation of work and rest, lower manufacturing discipline clutter walkways and driveways, lack of personal protective equipment, failure or discrepancy overalls working conditions.
. Technical reasons. Imperfection process, equipment malfunction and fixtures, inadequate or improper installation Conveyor, missing or defective fences, imperfection or failure of the service tool, the lack of the correct distances between the machines, benches and plants, hand movement or transport of loads without the use of facilitating devices.
. Sanitation reasons. Abnormal weather conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed and air pressure, and thermal radiation), air pollution production facilities, poor lighting jobs, passages and territories, noise and vibration, lack of space and poor maintenance of industrial and domestic premises, lack of ventilation, failure to comply with the rules of personal hygiene.hazards and harmful production factors are divided into: moving machinery; moving parts production equipment and technical equipment; moving products, parts, components and materials; increased dust and gas workplace air; hot or cold surfaces of equipment and materials; hot or cold air in the working area; increased noise level in the workplace; elevated levels of vibration; elevated levels of ultrasound and infrasound vibrations; high or low barometric pressure in the working area and an abrupt change; increased or reduced humidity, ionization of the air in the work area; absence or lack of natural light; insufficient illumination of the working area; reduced contrast; increased brightness of light; sharp edges, burrs and roughness on the surfaces of work pieces, tools and all equipment.dangerous and harmful production factors are classified by nature to human exposure to toxic, irritant, sensitizing, carcinogenic, mutagenic, affecting reproductive function, and on pathways in the human body - by penetrating through the respiratory, gastrointestinal tract, skin and mucous membranes.dangerous and harmful production factors vkeyayut following biological objects: pathogens bacteria, viruses, fungi, spirochetes, rickettsiae) and their metabolic products; organisms (plants and animals) .dangerous and harmful production factors in character actions are divided into physical and neuro-psychological overload per person. Physical overload divided into static and dynamic, and neuropsychiatric - on mental strain, over-analysers, the monotony of labor, emotional overload.maintenance and current repairs of cars there, dangerous and harmful production factors: moving cars, moving vulnerable elements of the production equipment, increased space gassed by exhaust gases of cars, the danger of electric shock when working with power tools, etc.
. PROTECTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT
. 1 Reduction of toxic emissions car emissions by rationing
The share of road transport in air pollution of major cities in recent years has grown considerably and is 40-80%, and the content of toxic substances in the atmosphere of many of them exceed the maximum allowable concentrations are safe for human health. Automotive internal combustion engines pollute the atmosphere with harmful substances, releasing exhaust gases blow-by gases, fuel evaporative emissions 95-99% falls on the exhaust gases is an aerosol of complex composition, depending on the engine speed. Only the products of incomplete combustion contained in the exhaust gases, discovered about 280 components. Group of toxic substances comprise carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxide (NOx), a large group of hydrocarbons (SnHm) paraffin s, olefins, and other aroma tiny. Followed aldehydes.the combustion of sulfur fuels produced inorganic gases, sulfur dioxide SO2 and hydrogen sulphide H2S. A special group of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, including benzo most active. In the case of leaded petrol, moreover, produces toxic lead compounds. The main toxic components of gasoline engines are CO, SnHm, NOn and lead compounds; Diesel engines of NOx and soot.and SnHm in the exhaust gases of vehicles with petrol engines in operation must not exceed the values ??given in Table 6.1.
6.1content of the exhaust gases SnHm gasoline engines
Engine behaviourMaximum permissible CO content, the volume fraction% Prohibitiv...
