Indeed, as has been repeatedly pointed out, the truly complete nominative value is inherent only in the noun, which is the name of substances. The verb comes next in its self-dependent nominative force, expressing processes as dynamic relations of substances, ie their dynamic relational properties in the broad sense. After that follow qualifying parts of speech - first the adjective denoting qualifications of substances, and then the adverb denoting qualifications of non-substantive phenomena which find themselves within the range of notional signification.we see, the adverb is characterized by its own, specific nominative value, providing for its inalienable status in the system of the parts of speech. Hence, the complaints of some linguists that the adverb is not rigorously defined and in fact presents something like a dump for those words which have been rejected by other parts of speech can hardly be taken as fully justified. On the other hand, since the adverb does denote qualifications of the second order, not of the first one like the adjective, it includes a great number of semantically weakened words which are in fact intermediate between notional and functional lexemes by their status and often display features of pronominal nature.we may say that the adverb is a word denoting circumstances or characteristics which attend or modify an action, state, or quality. It may also intensify a quality or characteristics.this definition it is difficult to define adverbs as a class, because they comprise a most heterogeneous group of words, and there is considerable overlap between the class and other word classes. They have many kinds of form, meaning and function. Alongside such undoubtful adverbs as here, now, often, seldom, always, there are many others which all function as words of other classes. Thus, adverbs like dead (dead tired), clear (to get clear away), clean (I've clean forgotten), slow, easy (he would say that slow and easy) coincide with corresponding adjectives (a dead body, clear waters , clean hands). Adverbs like past, above are homonymous with prepositions. There is also a special group of pronominal adverbs when, when how, why used either as interrogative words or as connectives to introduce subordinate clauses.
1.2 Classification of adverbs
). Classification of adverbs according to their structurecomprise a most heterogeneous group of words. They have many kinds of form and meaning. That s why there are many classifications of adverbs. There are several classifications of adverbs made by different scholars. And they differ from each other, representing various points of view conserning the way of classification. Adverbs vary in their structure., Professor VL Kaushanskaya classified adverbs according to their word-building structure into simple and derived. [9, p. 143] adverbs are rather few, and nearly all of them display functional semantics, mostly of pronominal character: here, there, now, then, so, quite, why, how, where, when.derived adverbs the most common suffix is ??-ly , by means of which new adverbs are coined from adjectives and participles: occasionally, lately, immediately, constantly, purely, slowly, charmingly.less common suffixes are the following:
wise clockwise, crabwise, corkscrew -wise, education-wise
ward (s) onward (s), backward (s), homeward (s), eastward (s)
- fold twofold, manifold
like warlike
most innermost, outermost
way (s) longways, sideways
The first two of these suffixes are more productive than the rest.adverbs are formed of two stems: sometimes, somewhere, everywhere, downstairs, etc.phrasal adverbs consist of two or more word-forms, as a great deal, a little bit, far enough, now and then, from time to time, sort of, kind of, a hell of, a lot of, a great deal of.adverbs make up a rather complicated group of words varying widely
in form and distribution there is one more classification of adverbs according to their structure.
Considered in their morphemic structure, Rayevskaya classified adverbs
in eight groups. [10, p. 115]
- 2. The two largest groups are those formed from derived and base adjectives by adding the suffix -ly, e. g .: hopefully, physically, strangely, falsely, etc.
. The third group consists of those that are formed by means of the derivational prefix -a (phonemically [?]) To nouns, adjectives or verbs. Of about sixty of them in more or less common use nearly half are formed from nouns: eg aboard, aside, away, etc.rest are about equally divided among those formed from verbs, e. g .: amiss, astir; from adjectives - anew, abroad.traditiona...
