o-alveolar affricate in English., as in cheese, watch, nature, righteous, question.
[? ] Is a fortis, voiceless, alveolar fricative in Turkish, as in? abuk quick, fast.
[d] is a lenis apical stop in English. It is fully voiced between voiced sounds, as in leader, London, endways, while in initial and final positions it is partially or completely devoiced, as in do, dry, bid, rubbed. It is most often alveolar, but may be dental before a dental fricative, as in width.
[d] is a plosive alveolar stop. It is also fully voiced between voiced sounds in Turkish like in English as in kedi cat, ada island, merhaba hello. While in initial and final positions it is partially or completely devoiced, as in od fire.
[f] is is a fortis, voiceless, labio-dental fricative, as in fork, off, physics, enough.
[f] is a fortis, voiceless, labial fricative as in faiz interest (resulting from finance), fakat but, fuzla too much, etc. It sounds same as in English.
[f, v] are constrictive fricative, labio-dental; [F] is strong and voiceless; [V] is weak and voiced, in the final position it is partly devoiced. [F, v] are labio-dental, produced with the lower lip against the edge of the upper teeth;. 1. The lower lip is very close to the edge of the upper front teeth, thus forming an incomplete obstruction. When the air goes through the narrowing it causes slight friction.
. For [f] the vocal cords do not vibrate; there may be some vibration accompanying [v] when it occurs in word initial positions as in vast or between vowels as in never, cover, over.
. For [f] the air force is very strong.
Recommendation
. Put the lower lip close to the edge of the upper front teeth and blow breath between them. For [f] the friction should be strong but not very noisy; for [v] it should be weak.
. Keep the upper lip out of the way.
[k] is a fortis, voiceless, dorsal stop, as in kind, cake, clock, accord, conquer, stomach, chemist. The graphs represent [k] before . [K] is aspirated when syllable-initial, as in come, incur, according, cry, quick, and non-aspirated after / s /, as in skin.
[k] is a velar, voiceless, plosive stop as in ka?? t paper, playing card, kalabal? k crowd, crowded, karar decision. [K] is aspirated at the beginning of the word as in karde? brother, sister, family member.
[l] is an alveolar lateral sonorant, as in let, light, yellow, fill, apple.
[l] is an alveolar lateral sonorant, as in lazim necessary, lisan language. The pronunciation is the same as in English.
[1] occurs in all word positions, spelt «1, 11», eq like, glad, tall, lisan language.
[1] is constrictive, lateral, forelingual, apical, alveolar .. 1. The tip of the tongue is in firm contact with the alveolar ridge.
. The soft palate is raised and the air goes freely to the mouth.
3. The sides of the tongue are lowered and the air can pass between them and the palate.
4. The vocal cords are broug...
