al systems, different way of everyday life.these reasons affected the development of the variants of the language, which led to the emergence of some significant differences in lexical and phonological structure of language, grammatical phenomena and spelling some words.to the vocabulary of the English language came in two ways in America: a) by the formation of new words and phrases and rethinking old, and b) by borrowing from the other languages.the new words formed in the American colonies of England in the XVII - XVIII centuries, the majority are difficult words which were created by the way of substantivizing of phrases such as adjective + noun and noun + noun. These transformations are based on the words which were in the lexis of the early English language.example: the Bull-Frogcoexistence of the old and new meaning we can note, for example, in the noun frontier raquo ;, which has acquired additional meaning in America: a newly mastered or sparsely populated area immediately adjacent to the wilderness or desert terrain. Many difficult words and phrases were based on this new meaning and in these words one of the elements is the American frontier in his meaning. (For example, frontierman, frontier country, frontier town) .special group is the words, lexical meaning which has undergone a complete rethinking. Here, first of all, we should mention so-called the narrowing of the meaning.process can be traced, for example, with the English noun corn raquo ;, which means any cereals in England. In America, the word corn has become to mean maize raquo ;, because it was the crop which the first settlers had to cultivate [15] .the formation of the language of the colonies influenced not only England. Already in the XVIII century the wave of immigrants gushed to the North America from Ireland. In the West and Southwest of the United States Spanish was primary language. The immigrants from France settled along the St. Lawrence River. In New York City, originally called New Amsterdam, the Dutch language predominated. Germans settled in Pennsylvania. In addition, in the southern regions was imported a large number of Africans who have been the subject of the slave trade. All of these new inhabitants of North America (do not forget also aboriginal - Indians) contributed to the formation of the dialect of the colonies. But for all that, despite the plenty of languages ??and cultures of the new settlers, the predominant language was still English. Due to the natural process of assimilation, most immigrant families began to speak in English during the life of one or two generations [1, c. 53] .source of replenishment of the vocabulary of this period was borrowing from other languages. The settlers borrowed the words from the Indian languages ???? to refer to unfamiliar plants (eg, persimmon) and animal (raccoon). From French were borrowed the words chowder - A kind of soup, prairie raquo ;, from Dutch were borrowed scow raquo ;, sleigh raquo ;. Many new words appeared by combining already known words, for example, backwoods aracteristics of the late period, covering the XIX and XX century, is closely associated with the description of modern English language in America.the late period the most representative processes were those that took place in the lexic.of all, in this period has grown the level of Americanisms. Education in the United States with their specific state and political system, with their new state institutions, political parties and civil organizations - all this reflected in the emergence of political terminology.expansion and the so-called Gold Rush left an imprint in the vocabulary and, in particular, in the phraseology of the English language in the United States. Designation of the words and phrases that emerged during this period have been preserved only as historicism (eg, forty-niner - gold digger, who arrived to California during the gold rush in 1849) .the words and phrases that entered into use in the XIX century and which are beyond the limits of the literary language, large part accounted for by the so-called slang. These include, in particular, a number of expressive colored words and collocations, reflecting a lot of the dark sides of the American way of life », such as, slush money - Money to bribe officials, bum" - tramp.
1.3 Current status of English as the multinational language
, modern British language is heterogeneous, and secondly, it is far from the classic English that existed three centuries ago. Inside the British variant are three types of language: the conservative English (the language of the royal family and parliament) adopted standard (the language of media, it is also called BBC English) and advanced English (the language of the youth) .latter type is the most mobile. It incorporates actively the elements of other languages ??and cultures. Advanced ...
