ace is represented as an infinite
given magnitude. В
And he concluded: "Therefore the original representation of space is an a priori intuition, not a concept "(B40).
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He also defended his judgments about time:
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1) Time is not an empirical concept (B46)
2) Time is a necessary representation that grounds all intuitions (A31)
3) This a priori necessity also grounds the possibility of apodictic principles of relations of time, or axioms of time in general. It has only one dimension: different times are not simultaneous, but successive (just as different spaces are not successive, but simultaneous). (B47)
4) Time is not discursive or, as one calls it, general concept, but a pure form of sensible intuition. (A32)
5) The infinitude of time signifies nothing more that that every determinate magnitude of time is only possible through limitations of a single time grounding it. (B48)
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Space is not a posteriori in our cognition, because we need it already in place to have any empirical cognition (which happens in space and never otherwise) at all. Time is also a necessary precondition for any perception of change: first state A then state B. When we judge first-then, already we are using the foundation (time) which allows us to do so. Space and time are not analytic concepts, because we do not deduce them from any other concept, but simply accept axiomatically as a necessary ground for all empirical cognition.
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5. Explain Kant's contention that space and time are (l) intuitions, rather than concepts, (2) a priori, rather than a posteriori. (In what sense, exactly, are they supposed to be "prior" to objects of experience?)
p> I believe there is already an answer to this in the above disclosure, but to add: We intuit inner and outer space in our inner and outer experiences, in imagination and contemplation of mental and physical objects. We think (about things) and percept them invariably in space, and their transformations and interactions consequentially (in time). They are prior to objects in the sense that we already need them to perceive objects, which always possess their characteristics and do not take those intuitions away with them when we dismiss objects. <В
6. What does Kant mean by the "Transcendental ideality" of space and time? What motivates his claim? What are his arguments in support of the claim? What problems does he think this theory solves, that other alternatives do not?
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Transcendental ideality of S & T means that those are not objects, not their appearances, but rather conditions (deduced by pure reason) of all appearances (objects of cognition). They are necessary for our understanding of our experiences of objects at all.
S & T transcend all possible experience being a necessary precondition for those and not the objects of senses themselves. When there are no objects we can think space and time as needed for possible objective experience. "It is nothing as soon as we leave aside the condition of the possibility of all experiences, and take them as something that grounds the things in themselves "(A28).
In В§ 3, Transcendental exposition of the concept of space , Kant says: "I understand by a transcendental exposition the explanation of a concept as a principle from which insight into the possibility of other synthetic a priori cognitions can be gained. For this aim it is required 1) that such cognitions actually flow from a given concept, and 2) that these cognitions are only possible under the presupposition of a given way of explaining this concept. "(B40) He thinks that other concepts of space do not satisfy these conditions, and his does. Using the example of Geometry ( a science that determines the properties of space synthetically and yet a priori) he argues that it must originally be intuition; for from a mere concept no propositions can be drawn that go beyond the concept, which however happens in geometry. Geometrical propositions are all apodictic. Hence, space must be not an empirical intuition ... it has its seat merely in the subject, as its formal constitution for being affected by objects and thereby acquiring immediate representation, ie, intuition, of them, thus only as the form of outer sense in general. Kant thinks that his "explanation alone makes the possibility of geometry as a synthetic a priori cognition comprehensible ... "(B41) So, his theory solves the problem of how geometry is possible, while others (he believes) don't.
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7. Which of Kant's arguments aims to show t...
