is used in:
to go home "потрапити в цільВ», to go back on one word/promise, to go into details, to go mad, to go one s own way, to go on a strike, to go out of date, to go out of one s mind, to go to bed, to go to school, and many others;
to make is used in: to make a bed, to make a date with a girl В«призначити побаченняВ», to make a long story short, to make a scene, to make the best of a bad job В«робити гарну міну при поганій гріВ», etc.is of course difficult to draw a borderline between the basic word-stock and the rest of the vocabulary.
d) Neologisms.
Neologisms are beyond the basic word-stock, eg miniloaf of bread, mini-cabbage, teleshopping В«замовлення покупок по телефонуВ», teledish В«тарілка космічного зв'язку для прийому телебаченняВ», thin cat (a person without wealth, privilege, or influence), hippism, low rise В«низьке будівлюВ», high rise В«високий будинокВ», to butterfly В«тинятися містом без метиВ», VCR (Video cassette recorder), deforestation В«зникнення лісівВ», Russiangate (cf. Irangate), if neologisms acquire characteristics of the basic word-stock they migrate into the basic word-stock, eg video, to video, chocoholic, bookaholic, workaholic (cf. alcoholic),
3. Etymology
of native origin.
In the English vocabulary borrowings make up 70%, native words make up 30% of the whole volume of the vocabulary. But native words are most important and most frequent in speech as we cannot build a sentence without native words. Articles, auxiliary verbs, prepositions are native words and we cannot build sentences without them. p align="justify"> Characteristics of native words.
Native words are most frequent. They make a good building material for:
derivatives (handy, handful, to hand, etc.);
compounds (handkerchief, etc.);
set expressions: holidays are at hand, slip of the hand, to write a beautiful hand, to give smb. a hand, to live from hand to mouth, to have a hand in smth., etc.).
Native words are easy to recognize: most of them belong to the structural type of root words, ie they are monomorphemic.
Native words are phonetically monosyllabic or disyllabic: work, mother, etc.
Native words have the stress on the first syllable.
Native words are characterized by the opposition between short and long vowels: ship - sheep, rid - reed. In Russian this opposition is not significant.
(6) Voiced consonants are never devoiced in the final position of native words, eg bag [g], etc. In Russian words final voiced consonants are devoiced, eg прапор [k].
(7) Native words are characterised graphically by typical consonant and vowel combinations: wh-, wr-, sw-, dw-, - oo-, - ee-, - ow-, - ou- , etc.
Borrowings.
70% of English vocabulary are borrowings as a result of war, trade, cultural and scientific contacts. Analyse some examples.word magazine has the following etymology: Fr. Fr. alarm> E. alarm. Similarly comrade was borrowed from Spanish. p align="justify"> Latin Borrowings.
Latin borrowings came into English in different periods.
. The first stratum of Latin borrowings dates back to the period before the 5th century.first borrowings resulted from trade contacts with Romans on the continent, eg wine., Angles, Saxons and Jutes borrowed Latin words when Romans came from the continent to the British Isles and built settlements: street
. The second stratum of Latin borrowings dates back to the period of the 6th-7th centuries remarkable for the introduction of Christianity. In this period ecclesiastical words were borrowed, eg bible, candle. Some words of Greek...
