rules are discovered through many examples. Students speak a great deal in the target language and communicate if in real situations. Speaking and listening skills and correct pronunciation are emphasized. Teacher/student interaction is fuller; it includes guessing of context or content, completing fill-ins, question-and-answer exercises. p align="justify">
3. The Audio-Lingual Method The audio-lingual method developed with the advent of audio tapes. This method is based on the belief that language learning is the acquisition of correct language habits. The language learner actually hears and mimics native speakers on audio tapes, often used with earphones in a language lab setting. Lessons begin with a sample dialogue to be recited and memorized. This is followed up with substitution pattern and saturation drills in which the grammatical structure previously introduced is reinforced. The teacher directs and controls students behavior, provides a model and reinforces correct responses.
4. The Silent Way
The teacher remains silent while pupils output the target language through perpetual prompting. A color-coded sound chart called a fidel, with both vowel and consonant clusters on it, is projected onto a screen to be used simultaneously with a pointer, thus permitting the pupil to produce orally on a continuous basis in the target language. Brightly colored Cuisenaire rods are integrated into this method for pupils to learn spatial relationships, prepositions, colors, gender and number concepts, and to create multiple artificial settings through their physical placement. The greatest strength of this method lies in its ability to draw students out orally, while the teacher "takes a back seat". This method works most effectively with round tables being used to promote small group discussion. All four skills are worked on from the beginning. p align="justify"> 5. Suggestopedia
Classes are small and intensive, with a low-stress focus. Material is presented in an especially melodic and artistic way. By activating the right "creative side" of the brain, a much larger portion of the intellectual potential can be tapped, thus drawing out long-term memory. Background classical or baroque chamber music, oftentimes accompanied with soft lights, cushions on the floor for relaxation, yoga, songs and games, question-and-answer sessions are used to make language learning less anxiety provoking. Students focus on communicative use rather than form, little emphasis on grammar is given. p align="justify"> 6. Community Language Learning or Counseling Learning
This method is designed to ease the learner into gradual independence and self-confidence in the target language. Learning a language is not viewed necessarily as an individual accomplishment, but ra...
