agreement on the price of the goods, person A gives a certain sum of money to D and D surrenders the goods. The final state is that A owns the goods and D owns the money. Leaving the agreement aside as some sort of prerequisite, one could then say that the action category BUY includes a reference to at least four other categories; a BUYER, a SELLER, GOODS, and MONEY.are viewed as unified frameworks of knowledge, or coherent schematizations of experience; cognitive structures knowledge of which is presupposed for the concepts encoded by the words; cognitive models which represent knowledge and beliefs pertaining to specific and frequently recurring situations., a
frame is an assemblage of the knowledge we have about a certain situation, eg, buying and selling.a frame for buy seems to offer at least two advantages: a single frame can account for various clause patterns and it can be applied to different (though related) verbs like sell, cost, or charge.following sentence exemplifies a syntactic pattern in which buy a may occur: David bought an old shirt from John for ten pounds. In this sentence all four components of the [BUY] frame are rendered linguistically, each in a different syntactic slot; the BUYER (David) as subject, the GOODS (an old shirt) as direct object, the SELLER (John) as the first adverbial, and the MONEY {ten pounds) as the second adverbial. This assignment of syntactic roles is called the syntactic perspective of the sentence.perspective of the above example largely hinges upon the syntax of the verb buy. It is possible to put a different syntactic perspective on the same frame by using the verbs sell, cost, change. Choosing the verb sell would allow us to put the categories SELLER and GOODS into perspective as subject and object, with the possibility of referring to the BUYER as an indirect object, as in John sold an old shirt to David for ten pounds. The verb charge perspectivizes the SELLER and BUYER as subject and object as in John charged David ten pounds for an old shirt, and the verb pay the BUYER and MONEY, with an option to introduce the SELLER as indirect object as in David paid ten pounds to Uohn for an old shirt. [BUY] frame is not just useful tool for the syntactic description of the verb buy, but it can also be applied to the verbs sell, charge, pay. The difference between the four verbs is simply a change of perspective within the same frame. This difference can be indicated by highlighting those components of the frame that make up the subject and object for each verb.four diagrams below show that the two verbs buy and pay describe the commercial event from the BUYER'S perspective, while sell and charge perspectivize the situation from the SELLER'S point of view
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obviously, the notion of perspective relies on the principles of prominence (which indicates that different facets of an action can be highlig...
