s has l? d t? sp? lling pr? nunciati? ns, particularly wh? n it? ccurs b? f? r? m; many sp? ak? rs n? w pr? n? unc? th? l in w? rds lik? calm and palm. Th? l? f? l was similarly l? st b? f? r? c? rtain c? ns? nants by v? calizati? n, as in f? lk, y? lk, H? lm? s, and th? lik?.numb? r? f p? stv? calic l s in? nglish sp? lling w? r? add? d b? caus? th? ultimat? Latin s? Urc? s? f th? ir w? rds had an l, alth? ugh it had disapp? ar? d in Fr? nch, fr? m which th? w? rds w? r? b? rr? w? d; ultimat? ly th? s? add? d l s cam? t? b? pr? n? unc? d fr? m th? n? w sp? llings. Th? l in th? sp? lling? f falc? n was thus r? st? r? d fr? m th? Latin? tym? n (M? fauc? n, fr? m? ld Fr? nch, in which th? v? calizati? nt? [?] als?? ccurr? d). A f ?? tball t? am kn? wn as th? Falc? Ns is? v? rywh? r? call? d [f.lk?nz], a pr? nunciati? n wid? ly curr? nt f? r th? bird l? ng b? f? r? th? app? aranc? ? f th? t? am. ? sp? lling has as y? t had littl? if any? ff? ct? n th? pr? nunciati? n? f th? nam? ? f th? writ? r William Faulkn? r. P? rhaps if th? nam? had b ?? n writt? n Falc? n? r, which am? unts t? th? sam? thing, th? sp? lling pr? nunciati? n might in tim? hav? c? m? t? pr? vail. As n? T? d ab? v? , Th? l in fault and vault was als? ins? rt? d. Th? ? ld? r pr? nunciati? n? f th? first? f th? s? w? rds is indicat? d by Swift s? , L? t him n? t d? bas? y? ur th? ughts, /? r nam? him but t? t? ll his faults (Dir? cti? ns f? r Making a Birth-Day S? ng) .Fr? nch l? anw? rds lik? h? st and humbl? th? h, b? caus? it is in th? sp? lling, has gradually c? m? t? b? pr? n? unc? d in all but a f? w w? rds; it was g? n? rally lacking in such w? rds in? arly M? d? rn? nglish. In h? rb, th? h r? mains sil? nt f? r many Am? rican sp? ak? rs, but is pr? n? unc? d by? th? rs, and by British sp? ak? rs g? n? rally. In? Th? r w? rds, such as h? ur, th? h is sil? nt in all vari? ti? s? f? nglish. ? r? was an? arly l? ss? f [r] b? f? r? sibilants, n? t t? b? c? nfus? d with th? much lat? rl? ss (n? tr? ally n? rmal b? f? r? th? nin? t ?? nth c? ntury) b? f? r? any c? ns? nant? r b? f? r? a paus? :? Ld? r bars? a typ? ? f fish by such l? ss b? cam? bass, as ars? b? cam? ass, and bust, nuss, fust d? v? l? p? d fr? m burst, nurs? , First; this was n? t, h? w? v? r, a wid? spr? ad chang?. An? arly l? ss? f [r] b? f? r? l is indicat? d by palsy (M? parl? si?, a variant? f paralisi? paralysis). ? final unstr? ss? d syllabl?-ur? was pr? n? unc? d [? r], with pr? c? ding t, d, and s having th? valu? s [t], [d], and [s]? r int? rv? calically [z], as in natur? [-t? r], v? rdur? [-d? r], c? nsur? [-s? r], and l? isur? [-z? r], until th? nin? t ?? nth c? ntury. Th? Ugh N? Ah W? bst? r s us? ? f such pr? nunciati? ns was c? nsid? r? d rustic and? ld-fashi? n? d by his m? r? ? l? gant c? nt? mp? rari? s, in his? l? m? ntary Sp? lling B ?? k? f 1843 h? gav? g? stur? and j? st? r as h? m? ph? n? s. Th? ? ld? r pr? nunciati? n is indicat? d by many rim? s: t? cit? D? an Swift? nc? m? r? , If this t? cl? uds and stars will v? ntur? ,/That cr ?? ps as far t? r? ach th? c? ntr? (V? Rs? S? N Tw? C? L? Brat? D M? D? Rn P?? Ts). ? bst? r was als? ? pp? s? d t? [-?-] In f? Rtun? , Virtu? , And th? lik? , Which h? s ?? ms t? hav? ass? ciat? d with fast living. H? pr? f? rr? d [-t-] in such w? rds. But many? F th? pr? nunciati? ns that h? pr? scrib? d w? r? sc? rn? d by all? f th? pr? p? r B? st? nians? f his day. ? initial c? ns? nant s? qu? nc? s gn and kn, still r? pr? s? nt? d in? ur sp? lling? f gnarl, gnat, gnaw, knav? , Kn? ad, kn ?? , And a f? w? th? r w? rds, had l? st th? ir first? l? m? nts by th? ? arly s? v? nt ?? nth c? ntury. L? Ss? F [k] is? vid? nc? d by th? Shak? sp? ar? an puns knack-n? ck, knight-night, and? th? rs cit? d by K? k? ritz (Shak? sp? ar? s Pr? nunciati? n) [49, 260c.] .- ing wh? n unstr? ss? d, as in v? rb f? rms lik? walking? r c? ming and in pr? n? uns lik? n? thing and s? m? thing, had l? ng b ?? n practically univ? rsally pr? n? unc? d [-? n]. Acc? Rding t? Wyld (289), This habit? Btains in practically all? gi? nal dial? cts? f th? S? Uth and S? Uth Midlands, and am? Ng larg? s? cti? ns? f sp? ak? rs? f R? c? iv? d Standard? nglish.. Th? v? larizati? n? f th? n t? [?] B? gan as a hyp? rc? rr? ct pr? nunciati? n in th? first quart? r? f th? nin? t ?? nth c? ntury and, still acc? rding t? Wyld, has n? W a v? Gu? am? ng th? ? ducat? d at l? ast as wid? as th? m? r? c? ns? rvativ? ? n? with -n. L? Ng b? f? r? Wyld wr? T? th? s? w? rds, which w? uld n ?? d s? m? r? visi? n f? r British? nglish t? day, th? [-? n] pr? nunciati? n had c? m? t? b? c? ns...
