tenance, the English genitive expresses a wide range of relational meanings specified in the regular interaction of the semantics of the subordinating and subordinated elements in the genitive phrase. Summarising the results of extensive investigations in this field, the following basic semantic types of the genitive can be pointed out. p align="justify"> First, the form which can be called the "genitive of possessor" (Lat. "genetivus possessori"). Its constructional meaning will be defined as "inorganic" possession, ie possessional relation (in the broad sense) of the genitive referent to the object denoted by the head-noun. Eg: Christine's living-room; the assistant manager's desk; Dad's earnings; Kate and Jerry's grandparents; the Steel Corporation's hired slaves. p align="justify"> The diagnostic test for the genitive of possessor is its transformation into a construction that explicitly expresses the idea of ​​possession (belonging) inherent in the form. Cf.: Christine's living-room? the living-room belongs to Christine; the Steel Corporation's hired slaves? the Steel Corporation possesses hired slaves. *
Second, the form which can be called the "genitive of integer" (Lat. "genetivus integri"). Its constructional meaning will be defined as "organic possession", ie a broad possessional relation of a whole to its part. Eg: Jane's busy hands; Patrick's voice; the patient's health; the hotel's lobby. p align="justify"> Diagnostic test: ...? the busy hands as part of Jane's person; ...? the health as part of the patient's state; ...? the lobby as a component part of the hotel, etc.
A subtype of the integer genitive expresses a qualification received by the genitive referent through the headword. E.g.: Mr. Dodson's vanity; the computer's reliability. p align="justify"> This subtype of the genitive can be called the "genitive of received qualification" (Lat. "genetivus qualificationis receptae").
Third, the "genitive of agent" (Lat. "genetivus agentis"). The more traditional name of this genitive is "subjective" (Lat. "genetivus subjectivus"). The latter term seems inadequate because of its unjustified narrow application: nearly all the genitive types stand in subjective relation to the referents of the head-nouns. The general meaning of the genitive of agent is explained in its name: this form renders an activity or some broader processual relation with the referent of the genitive as its subject. Eg: the great man's arrival; Peter's insistence; the councillor's attitude; Campbell Clark's gaze; the hotel's competitive position. p align="justify"> Diagnostic test: ...? the great man arrives; ...? Peter insists; ...? the hotel occupies a competitive position, etc.
A subtype of the agent genitive expresses the author, or, more broadly considered, the producer of the referent of the head-noun. Hence, it receives the name of the "genitive of author" (Lat. "genetivus auctori"). Eg: Beethoven's sonatas; John Galsworthy's "A Man of Property"; the committee's progress report. p align="justify"> Diagnostic test: ... - В»Beethoven has composed (is the author of) the sonatas; ...? the committee has compiled (is the compiler of) the progress report, etc.
Fourth, the "genitive of patient" (Lat. "genetivus patientis").
This type of genitive, in contrast to the above, expresses the recipient of the action or process denoted by the head-noun. Eg: the champion's sensational defeat; Erick's final expulsion; the meeting's chairman; the St Gregory's proprietor; the city's business leaders; the Titanic's tragedy. p align="justify"> Diagnostic test: ...? the champion is defeated (ie his opponent defeated him); ...? Erick is expelled; ...? the meeting is chaired by its chairman; ...? the St Gregory is owned by its proprietor, etc.
Fifth, the "genitive of destination" (Lat. "genetivus destinationis"). This form denotes the destination, or function of the referent of the head-noun. Eg: women's footwear; children's verses; a fishers 'tent. p align="justify"> Diagnostic test: ...? footwear for women; ...? a tent for fishers, etc.
Sixth, the "genitive of dispensed qualification" (Lat. "genetivus qualificationis dispensatae"). The meaning of this genitive type, as different from the subtype "genitive of received qualification", is some characteristic or qualification, not received, but given by the genitive noun to the referent of the head-noun. Eg: a girl's voice; a book-keeper's statistics; Curtis O'Keefe's kind (of hotels - MB). p align="justify"> Diagnostic test: ...? a voice characteristic of a girl; ...? statistics peculiar to a book-keeper's report...
