"justify"> UNIT 9. ANCHORING
I. Vocabulary and reading
these words and word combinations orally. Learn them by heart
? To secure - крепітьTo slacken (to reduce) speed-збавити (уповільнити) скоростьTo grease - змащувати
^ To remove - видаляти, знімати To drag тягнути, тягти, волочити
fa To allocate призначити, визначити
fa Embankment - набережна
fa 7b te/go - віддати (якір, кінець)
fa To provide забезпечити
fa Provided-(зд.) за умови
fa Current - постійне протягом
fa Gale - шторм, штормовий вітер
fa To sheer - відхилятися
^ Sufficient - достатній
fa Scope of chain - довжина витравленого якірного ланцюга
fa To obstruct - заважати, перебувати на шляху
fa Unobstructed-безперешкодний, вільний
fa Good-holding ground - добре тримає грунт
fa Hawse pipe - клюз, якірна труба
fa To afford-(зд.) давати, надавати
fa To house - поміщати, розміщувати
fa To sound-заміряти глибини
fa Soundings - заміри глубінBearing пеленгTo take a bearing on - брати пеленг на що-лібоRestricted waters - стиснення водиTo determine - определятьTo pay out (away) - труїти, витравліватьTo post - виставлятьTo post a lookout - виставити впередсмотрящегоIn dependence (of) - залежно отShackles - змички (якір-ланцюга) Adverse weather - несприятлива погодаLow tensile - слаборастяжімийHinging parts - з'єднувальні частіBandbrake - стрічковий тормозHawse ргре-closing plates-кришка якірної трубиWindlass - брашпіль1. Scan the text and focus on the equipment used for anchoring and its main Junction. Enumerate them: may anchor inside or outside the harbour. Before anchoring it is necessary to slacken speed.the vessel is approaching the anchorage or her designated berth, the anchor has been thoroughly checked and prepared: windlass and hinging parts have been greased, bandbrakes tested, hawse pipe-closing plates removed, etc.order to avoid any unexpected situations, it is customary to prepare both starboard and port anchors for letting go.holding ground, such as sand and shells, will cause the anchor to drag.information about holding ground must be looked up in the pilot book or chart prior to letting go anchors.a river berth has been allocated by the VTS Station or port authority, it will sometimes be necessary to "dredge anchor" in order to make a sharp turn towards the embankmentgo a single anchor is the simplest method of securing a ship to the bottom. If the holding ground is good she should rise easily in bad weather provided sufficient scope of chain is used.in a strong current or in a gale a vessel may sheer considerably. Therefore it is necessary to have an unobstructed area equal to a circle whose radius is the length of the ship plus the scope of chain used. If for some reason, the anchorage doesn't afford such an area, the ship must be moored.modern ships the anchors are housed in the Hawse pipe and secured by chain stoppers. The anchors may be required unexpectedly when on soundings, in narrow channels in restricted waters or working around docks, etc. The Master or the Watch Officer must determine how much of chain is to be paid out in each case.length of chain that is put out is indicated by the number of shackles (1 shackle equals 15 fathoms). Safe anchoring implies that a length of chain equal to the depth of water plus two shackles must be used.shackles must be put in the water:
when the water is very deep (more than 25 fathoms)
in adverse weather
when barges are passing close to the vessel
when the anchor chain has a low tensile strength
when the anchor chain is leading ahead
When the anchor is holding, the anchor lights must be switched on and the anchor ball is hoisted.vessel in dependence of her length shall carry one or two white lights visible all round the horizon, one at the foremast stay and the other at the stern.anchor position must be checked by bearings at regular intervals. When the vessel is at anchor at night one or more men should be posted on anchor watch.2. Describe the main steps of anchoring in brief using the following expressions
inside or outside the harbour
to slacken (to reduce) speed
<...
