ominal adverbs like twice, thrice, four times, etc .; twofold, threefold, manyfold, etc., we will agree that the first general subclass of adverbs is formed by qualitative adverbs which are subdivided into qualitative adverbs of lull notional value and degree adverbs - specific functional words.adverbs are also divided into notional and functional.functional circumstantial adverbs are words of pronominal nature. Besides quantitative (numerical) adverbs mentioned above, they include adverbs of time, place, manner, cause, consequence. Many of these words are used as syntactic connectives and question-forming functionals. Here belong such words as now, here, when, where, so, thus, how, why, etc.for circumstantial adverbs of more self-dependent nature, they include two basic sets: first, adverbs of time; second, adverbs of place: today, tomorrow, already, ever, never, shortly, recently, seldom, early, late; homeward, eastward, near, far, outside, ashore, etc. The two varieties express a general idea of ??temporal and spatial orientation and essentially perform deictic (indicative) functions in the broader sense. Bearing this in mind, we may unite them under the general heading of orientative adverbs, reserving the term circumstantial to syntactic analysis of utterances., the whole class of adverbs will be divided, first, into nominal and pronominal, and the nominal adverbs will be subdivided into qualitative and orientative, the former including genuine qualitative adverbs and degree adverbs, the latter falling into temporal and local adverbs, with further possible subdivisions of more detailed specifications.
. 3 Syntactic Functions of Adverb
may perform different functions, modifying different types of words, phrases, sentences. Some adverbs are restricted in their combinability whereas others may modify different words, for instance enough, which may be used in to work enough, not quickly enough, quick enough.we see that in accordance with their categorial meaning, adverbs are characterized by a combinability with verbs, adjectives and words of adverbial nature. The functions of adverbs in these combinations consist in expressing different adverbial modifiers. [6, p. 289] combinability and functions of the adverbs are as follows:
1. Adverbs may function as adverbial modifiers of manner, place
time, degree to a finite or non-finite form of the verb: During my walks I occasionally met people I knew. (Frequency) went back inside. (place) loved her passionately. (degree) father held the boy tightly in his arms, (manner) adverbs of time though synonymous, are used in different syntactical patterns. Thus, already is used in affirmative sentences, and yet - in interrogative and negative sentences: .g. They have already finished.haven t finished yetthey finished yet ?, already may occur in interrogative and negative sentences when there is an element of surprise or the question is suggestive, that is the speaker expects an affirmative answer..g. Have they finished already? (The speaker is surprised at their having already finished.) The same way still, meaning continuously, up to this moment raquo ;, is used in affirmative sentences and any more in negative sentences. If any more is used in a question, it implies that the speaker expects a negative answer..g. He still works at the library.does not work there any more.he take music lessons any more?- No, he doesn t.
. Adverbs may function as adverbial modifiers to an adjective or another adverb. When adverbs modify adjectives or other adverbs, they serve as adverbial modifiers of degree (as intensifies). So usually the modifying adverb is an intensifier: very, rather, awfully, so, terribly, extremely, most, utterly, unusually, delightfully, unbelievably, amazingly, strikingly, highly, that, etc.same applies to composite adverbs, such a kind of, sort of, a good bit of, a lot of, a hell of, a great deal of, etc..g. She is terribly awkward; they are very happy: Meg is clever enough;. you speak so slowly; they settled in a rather quiet street; the boy is unbelievably fat; she was strikingly handsome; we did it sort of proudly, quite definitely, too much, right there, a great deal too much.adverbs - still, yet, far, much, any combine with comparative adjectives: much worse, not any better, still greater, etc..g. He could not speak any plainer.could do it far more neatly.is much wittier than her friend.adverbs are used in clauses of proportional agreement, that is, parallel clauses in which qualities or actions denoted in them increase for decrease at an equal rate..g. The longer I think about it the less I understand your reasons.
To express the idea that a quality or action decreases or increases at an even rate the comparative may be repeated, the two identical forms being connected by and: .g. ...
