ctionally replacing the rising tone. There are two more nuclear tones in English: Rise-Fall and Rise-Fall-Rise. But adding refinement to speech they are not absolutely essential tones for the foreign learner to acquire. Rise-Fall can always be replaced by High Fall and Rise-Fall-Rise by Fall-Rise without making nonsense of the utterance.to D. Crystal, there are nine ways of saying Yes as an answer to the question Will you marry me? p align="justify">. Low fall. The most neutral tone; a detached, unemotional statement of fact. p align="justify">. Full fall. Emotionally involved; the higher the onset of the tone, the more involved the speaker; choice of emotion (surprise, excitement, irritation) depends on the speaker's facial expression. p align="justify">. Mid fall. Routine, uncommitted comment; detached and unexcited. p align="justify">. Low rise. Facial expression important; with a 'happy' face, the tone is sympathetic and friendly; with a 'grim' face, it is guarded and ominous. p align="justify">. Full rise. Emotionally involved, often "disbelief or shock, the extent of the emotion depending on the width of the tone. p align="justify">. High rise.mild query or puzzlement; often used in echoing what has just been said. p align="justify">. Level. Bored, sarcastic, ironic. p align="justify">. Fall-rise. A strongly emotional tone; a straight or 'negative' face conveys uncertainty, doubt, or tentativeness; a positive face conveys encouragement or urgency. p align="justify">. Rise-fall. Strong emotional involvement; depending on the face, the attitude might be delighted, challenging, or complacent.more pitch parameters are pitch ranges and pitch levels. Three pitch ranges are generally distinguished: normal, wide, and narrow. Pitch levels may be high, medium, and low.is used in a variety of ways. Gross differences of meaning (such as anger, menace, and excitement) can be conveyed by using an overall loudness level.tempo of speech is the third component of intonation. The term tempo implies the rate of the utterance and pausation. The rate of speech can be normal, slow and fast. The parts of the utterance which are particularly important sound slower. Unimportant parts are commonly pronounced at a greater speed than normal. [2,89] stretch of speech can be split into smaller portions, i. e. phonetic wholes, phrases, intonation groups by means of pauses. By 'pause' here we mean a complete stop of phonation. We may distinguish the following three kinds of pauses:
. Short pauses which may be used to separate intonation groups within a phrase. p align="justify">. Longer pauses which normally manifest the end of the phrase. p align="justify">. Very long pauses, which are approximately twice as long as the first type, are used to separate phonetic wholes., There may be distinguished syntactic, emphatic and hesitation pauses.pauses separate phonopassages, phrases,...
