l contacts in all areas of human dialogue that has in turn caused a sharp increase of demand, both for translations, and in translators, became powerful spur and in growth of theoretical researches of translational activity. It is necessary to note especially such version of translation as synchronous which has appeared only in XX century, as well as machine translation, which occurrence became possible owing to progress of cybernetics. In second half XX century scientific publications on problems of the theory and practice of translation are so numerous, that hardly gives in to a review and so diverse, that classifications quite often simply do not give in. second half XX centuries prompt progress of linguistics is marked: there are new linguistic disciplines and areas of research: cognitive linguistics, psycholinguists, sociolinguistics, biolinguistics, linguistics of the text, the theory of speech certificates, neyrolinguists. The Linguistics has turned to original macrolinguistics «. In sight linguistics have got also problems of translation. The comparative analysis of several translations of the same texts can be considered as natural experiment on comparison of language and speech units in two or several languages ??in actual certificates interlingual communications. Studying of translations allows detecting in each of compared languages ??important features which, however, by monolingual comparisons often remain not revealed. In this case translation represents itself as a litmus piece of paper, specifying on basic differences between language and speech units of multiple languages. Among the subjective factors which have rendered essential influence on progress of the linguistic concept of translation, we shall note following. it was already spoken, in second half XX century there is a sharp indispensability in interlingual dialogue consequently and demand for mass preparation of professional translators. At linguistic faculties of universities and colleges numerous translational schools and branches were created, both philologists and linguists alongside with translators-experts have appeared in a role of teachers of translation. And if by comparison of translations of scientists went from translation to revealing specific features of this or that language, that, having appeared in roles of teachers of a rate of the theory and practice of translation, scientists went from specific features of compared languages ??to the translation text.linguistic orientation of translational concepts in XX century is connected also by that language is considered as a basis of national culture, thinking, and attitude.with linguistic concepts of translation others develop also. , The known American theorist of translation Eu.Nida allocates four basic approaches to translation: philological, linguistic, communicative and social semantic.philological approach to translation is based on a principle of parity between the original and translation, ie in the center of attention of theorists and experts of translation there are problems of adequacy and equivalence. This direction uses basically methods and achievements of linguistics of the text. At the linguistic approach the translator always deals with two languages, thus the basic attention is given not to conventional attitudes between the original text and Translation, and substantial. Nida considers that the big contribution to progress of the linguistic approach was brought w...
